HEPATIC ARTERY THROMBOSIS AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: RISK FACTORS, EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND CONTEMPORARY TREATMENT STRATEGIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37547/Keywords:
liver, liver function, hepatic circulation, liver transplantation, hepatic artery, hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT), Doppler ultrasonography, angiography, thrombectomy, revascularization.Abstract
The liver is one of the largest internal organs in the human body. The liver is involved in numerous vital processes, including metabolism, detoxification, protein synthesis, immune defense, energy storage, and bile production. Severe and irreversible impairment of liver function may result in multiorgan failure. In patients with end-stage liver disease, liver transplantation is one of the principal life-saving treatment options. However, various vascular complications may develop during the post-transplant period, including hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT). Hepatic artery thrombosis compromises the arterial blood supply of the liver graft and may cause severe ischemic injury, particularly to the biliary tract, potentially resulting in graft loss. This review discusses the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the liver, its blood supply, the principal aspects of liver transplantation, as well as the risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, early diagnosis, and contemporary treatment strategies for hepatic artery thrombosis.
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