THE GROWTH DYNAMICS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM, BONE EPIPHYSES AND THEIR CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The human skeletal system represents a complex and dynamic structure that undergoes continuous development and remodeling throughout life. This article examines the growth dynamics of bones, the formation and function of bone epiphyses, and their essential clinical significance. Bone growth, especially through the epiphyseal plates, is a vital process determining the final shape, length, and strength of the skeleton. Understanding the biological and physiological mechanisms of bone development provides a foundation for diagnosing and treating various musculoskeletal disorders. The study focuses on how bone epiphyses contribute to longitudinal growth and how their closure marks the end of skeletal maturity. It highlights the hormonal, nutritional, and genetic factors that influence ossification and bone metabolism. The article also explores common pathologies related to growth plates, such as growth retardation, epiphyseal injuries, endocrine abnormalities, and developmental deformities. Clinically, the condition of epiphyses plays a crucial role in pediatrics, orthopedics, and radiology.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
1. Gray, H. (2020). Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 42nd Edition. Elsevier Health Sciences.
2. Standring, S. (2016). Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Medicine and Surgery. Churchill Livingstone.
3. Martini, F. H., Timmons, M. J., & Tallitsch, R. B. (2018). Human Anatomy. 9th Edition. Pearson Education.
4. Ross, M. H., & Pawlina, W. (2021). Histology: A Text and Atlas with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology. 9th Edition. Wolters Kluwer.
5. Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2019). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 16th Edition. Wiley.
6. Hall, J. E., & Guyton, A. C. (2020). Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 14th Edition. Elsevier.
7. Saladin, K. S. (2017). Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 8th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education.
8. Marieb, E. N., & Hoehn, K. (2019). Human Anatomy & Physiology. 11th Edition. Pearson.
9. Ham, A. W., & Cormack, D. H. (2015). Histology. 10th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
10. Drake, R. L., Vogl, A. W., & Mitchell, A. W. M. (2023). Gray’s Student Anatomy. 4th Edition. Elsevier.
11. Buckwalter, J. A., Einhorn, T. A., & Simon, S. R. (2017). Orthopaedic Basic Science: Foundations of Clinical Practice. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
12. Mow, V. C., & Huiskes, R. (2019). Basic Orthopaedic Biomechanics and Mechano-Biology. 4th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.