Abstract. This article studies the preparations used in the cocoon industry during the production process and their impact on obtaining high-quality raw materials - silk. The work analyzes the role of chemical preparations in the stages of separation of silkworm cocoon fiber, its initial processing and obtaining pure silk. The types of preparations, methods of their use, and the possibilities of achieving high-quality silk based on optimal technological regimes are considered.

Nosocomial infections (NI) or hospital-acquired infections are one of the most urgent and serious problems facing the modern healthcare system. These infections occur during treatment in medical institutions, during the patient's hospitalization or as a result of medical procedures. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the concept of NI, their main types, etiology, risk factors, diagnostics, prevention and treatment. It also provides a comprehensive analysis of modern strategies, best practices and scientifically based approaches developed worldwide to combat NI. The article also contains scientific recommendations that will serve to strengthen infection control in the healthcare system and improve measures to prevent NI.

Adenotomy is a common surgical intervention in pediatric otolaryngology. The purpose of this review is to study the development of types of removal of hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil (adenotomy). The review material consisted of scientific publications over the past 10 years, published in the international databases E-library, Scopus and Web of Science. Thus, it follows that a number of disorders of local and general nature are associated with hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil. Hypertrophied lymphoid tissue, being a mechanical obstacle, complicates nasal breathing, as a result of which blood and lymph circulation is disrupted, which provokes pathology of various organs and systems. At the same time, modern data, emphasizing the significant role of the lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx as the first line of defense of the child's body, require a balanced decision in choosing a method for treating hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil.