A global study found that the global prevalence of infertility remained virtually unchanged between 1990 and 2010, with an estimated 48.5 million couples worldwide having difficulty having a child over 5 years of age in 2010. Morphological and functional disorders of the fallopian tubes, such as obstruction, rigidity deformation and peristaltic imbalance, occurring in various diseases, account for 25–30% of all cases of infertility [9]. Accurate assessment of tubal patency can be important evidence for targeted clinical treatment. Laparoscopy and dye intubation (knees and dye) have long been considered the gold standard for tubal patency testing; but in the public sector there are concerns about long delays and costs, as well as risks associated with anesthesia and surgery [10]. The more accessible hysterosalpingography involves X-ray exposure and the risk of hypersensitivity reaction to iodinated contrast agents. Compared to these procedures, transvaginal Hysterosalpine contrast sonography (HSCS) is a non-invasive, safe and cost-effective method that provides rapid, easy and reliable diagnosis of tubal patency [11]. So far, some studies have attempted to evaluate the accuracy of GCS in diagnosing tubal patency compared with traditional methods.

COH; IVF/ART; POF; POI; poor responders.

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