EARLY DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME ACCORDING TO GESTATIONAL AGE IN PRETERM INFANTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37547/Keywords:
preterm infants, respiratory distress syndrome, gestational age, surfactant therapy, CPAP, antenatal corticosteroidsAbstract
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants, particularly those born at lower gestational ages. The condition primarily results from pulmonary immaturity and surfactant deficiency, leading to alveolar collapse, impaired gas exchange, and progressive respiratory failure. This review aims to analyze current evidence on the early diagnosis, prevention, and management of RDS in preterm neonates, with a specific focus on gestational age–based risk stratification. Evidence indicates that antenatal corticosteroid therapy, early application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and timely surfactant replacement significantly reduce disease severity and improve neonatal outcomes. Gestational age remains the most critical determinant of RDS risk and therapeutic response. A gestation-tailored, non-invasive, and preventive approach is essential for optimizing survival and reducing complications.
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