We outline an advanced undergraduate course in Cancer Biology characterized by an inquiry-driven approach, blending faculty lectures typical of undergraduate settings with literature-based discussions akin to those in graduate courses. Serving as a capstone course, its primary objectives include synthesizing knowledge from preceding coursework in physiology, cell and molecular biology, genetics, and chemistry to foster a contemporary comprehension of cancer and its treatment modalities.

This article presents the clinical signs, treatment and preventive measures that occur in children diagnosed with diarrheal diseases, symptoms of diseases of the oral mucosa in patients.

This analysis will not only more accurately determine the nature of the development of the metabolic syndrome, the progression of coronary artery disease, but will also help to identify the impact of 2019-nCoV infection on heart damage.

Snake venom is a complex mixture of proteins and peptides with various biological activities, including neurotoxic, hemotoxic, and cytotoxic effects. Understanding the lethal potential of snake venom is critical to developing effective antivenom treatments and mitigating the effects of snakebite envenomation. This review provides an overview of the composition and mechanism of action of snake venom components, as well as the factors influencing venom lethality. It also discusses current research and developments aimed at expanding our understanding of the lethality of snake venom and improving treatment strategies for snakebite victims.

The study of the interaction of gestational pyelonephritis with pregnancy is relevant due to the high percentage of obstetric complications, negative perinatal outcomes and severe diseases in newborns, which emphasizes the medical and socio-economic importance of the problem. In chronic pyelonephritis, the course of pregnancy is complicated by iron deficiency anemia (35-70%), premature termination of pregnancy at various times (15-20%), and chronic placental insufficiency (30-35%), gestosis (35-70%). In 30-40% of cases, complications such as chronic uterine hypoxia (30-40%), fetal infection (20-30%) and growth retardation (12-15%) occur. Chronic pyelonephritis significantly impairs the ability of pregnant women to adapt to newborns and increases the risk of early neonatal mortality.

Given the high incidence of perinatal complications in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), an effective algorithm for diagnosing and treating this disease is necessary. We analyzed the characteristics of the course and outcomes of pregnancy in 500 women with GDM, in whom new clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus were used. The comparison group consisted of 100 women with GDM (criteria by V. G. Baranov, 1977). Analysis of the results is necessary to optimize the management tactics of this group of patients.

This article examines the effects of mutations on animal genetics, highlighting their role in genetic diversity, adaptation, and evolutionary processes. It explores the types of mutations, their impact on genetic health, and their significance for conservation genetics and animal breeding. The article underscores the importance of understanding mutations in shaping the genetic landscape of animal populations.

The female reproductive system functions to produce eggs (ova), sex hormones, and support the development of fertilized eggs into mature fetuses ready for birth. It operates between menarche (the onset of menstruation) and menopause (the cessation of menstruation for 12 consecutive months). Throughout this timeframe, there's a cyclical release of eggs from the ovary, which have the potential to be fertilized by male sperm. This cyclical release of eggs is a natural aspect of the menstrual cycle.

The realm of endocrine hormones encompasses a vast array of compounds that influence nearly every facet of human physiology. These hormones play pivotal roles in maintaining homeostasis, meeting metabolic demands, orchestrating development, and facilitating reproduction. This overview aims to delve into the glands responsible for hormone secretion, delineate the actions of these hormones, and pinpoint their target sites within the body. Additionally, it will shed light on several prevalent endocrine disorders linked to hormonal imbalances. While the coverage of diseases herein is not exhaustive, owing to the breadth of conditions and ongoing research, grasping the physiological intricacies of hormones and their implications in pathological states is paramount.

This article is devoted to the incidence of cancer, as well as the specific clinic of chronic radiation for the purpose of their treatment, Morpho-functional changes in the heart caused by chronic radiation, as well as modern research methods.

This article provides information on the material and methods of studying anthropometric indicators, examination methods and treatment methods in children of the first and second childhood suffering from spastic tetroparesis.

Against the background of a low level of infant mortality, the modern health care system maintains a high incidence in the structure of infections specific to the early neonatal period, among which the leading position is occupied by intrauterine infections, which are transmitted directly from mothers [1,3,4,6]. Infection of the fetus and newborns plays an important role in the development of infectious and inflammatory diseases. The aim of the study was to identify the clinical and neurological features of congenital malformations of the central nervous system in children born to mothers with TORCH infection. In this study, we analysed the results of a survey of 57 women and their children for the presence of intrauterine infection and its impact on the child. The main stages of laboratory diagnostics have been identified. The presented article will allow doctors of specialized specialties to systematize for themselves such concepts as IUI and its risk factors, focus on the features of the clinic and diagnosis, as well as the prevention of IUI, which will reduce the incidence of IUI.  mortality in the structure of infections specific to the early neonatal period, as well as to reduce the increase in disability among young children due to this pathology.

The article discusses the importance of using new pedagogical methods in physical education classes and the advantages of physical education classes in the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

This article focuses on a comparative description of anthropometric indicators in children with Down syndrome existing adolescence. In the Departments of Reproductive Center of Bukhara region, Mother-Child Health, and hereditary diseases, the degree of occurrence of Down syndrome in existing children in adolescence, as well as a specific Clinic of Down syndrome and modern research methods are presented.

Mandibular hypoplasia, a significant anomaly of the mandible, encompasses congenital, developmental, or acquired deformities [1]. Developmental mandibular hypoplasia denotes mandibular underdevelopment of unknown etiology, often associated with Class II malocclusion [1]. Acquired mandibular hypoplasia arises from oncological defects, radiation injury, trauma, or hemifacial atrophy [2, 3].

Improving methods for early diagnosis of macrosomia of non-diabetic origin may allow timely identification of pregnant women from high-risk groups to determine the optimal method of delivery, provision of appropriate medical care, which will help reduce the incidence of macrosomia, select the optimal method of delivery, reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality and maternal injuries.

Caesarean section is an obstetric operation intended for the delivery of women by laparotomy and dissection of the wall of the pregnant uterus, extraction of the fetus, and subsequent restoration of the integrity of the uterus. Purpose of the study: Study of indications for cesarean section and birth outcomes for mother and fetus according to the SamMU clinic. Research material: We analyzed the birth histories of 98 pregnant women, women in labor and postpartum women who delivered abdominally in the multidisciplinary clinic of SamMU in 2024

The following article presents methods for improving a new approach to the treatment and Prevention of Morpho-functional changes in the heart caused by acute radiation, the mechanism of how much radiation affects the human body, as well as a specific clinic of acute radiation for the purpose of their treatment.

Worms it is a parasite worms considered animals, plants_and basically to people parasitism by doing lives and develops and increases. Ours in our country More than 60 worms type have. To statistics according to, land of the planet out of every 3 people one worms-parasites by affected.

Microorganisms grow and multiply like other living organisms. Growth refers to the multiplication of all chemicals, proteins, DNA, RNA, etc. For multicellular organisms, growth is usually an increase in the size of a single organism.Determined by growth, and in bacteria, on the contrary, their growth is determined by population growth or an increase in total mass. Microorganisms, i.e. bacteria, after they grow and reach a certain shape, they begin to divide, most of them divide in a simple, binary way. In bacteria, cell division is not just a means for the organism to make more bacteria, it is the only way that more bacteria can be added to the bacterial population and multiply.

This article discusses chronic atrophic laryngitis, its causes and influencing factors. It describes the causes of the disease and new methods of prevention. Information is provided on the influence of concomitant diseases, acquired occupational diseases, weather effects, allergies and other causes in the origin of atrophic laryngitis.

Polyposis rhinosinusitis is a fairly common, but, oddly enough, little-studied pathology of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The very name "polyp" (from the Greek "poly" – a lot and "pus" – purulent leg) is a collective term used to designate pathological formations of various origins, rising above the surface of the mucous membranes of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory and urinary tracts, uterus.

This article highlights the features of training students at a medical college. The main task of the clinical department, in particular the department of surgery, is to develop in students clinical thinking, a sufficient amount of theoretical knowledge and practical skills, competencies necessary for a modern doctor.