CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF RADIATION AND PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF ITS EFFECT ON THE HUMAN BODY

Abstract

It is known that ionizing types of radiation include short-wavelength electromagnetic vibrations, X-rays and γ-radiation, flow of α- and β-particles (electrons), flow of protons, positrons, neutrons and other charged particles. According to the absorption capacity of these particles during external radiation, it is not excluded that they penetrate into different layers of tissues, α-radiation and X-ray radiation have high absorption properties, and β-radiation has a lower absorption capacity. It has been determined that external ionizing radiation has a negative effect on the body only when it is present in the body during its exposure. Under the influence of ionizing radiation, various radioactive substances (radionuclides of sodium, phosphorus, etc.) occur in the body. Over a period of time, the victim's body becomes a carrier of these radionuclides, as a result of which internal radiation develops. Due to the instability of radioactive isotopes, the energy in the form of γ-radiation decays with the release of corpuscular particles in the form of α- and β-radiation.