This article explores the key characteristics and influences of postmodern approaches in literature. Postmodernism in literature emerged as a response to the social, cultural, and political changes of the post-World War II era. It challenges traditional notions of narrative, meaning, and authority, embracing fragmentation, intertextuality, and self-reflexivity. Postmodern literature often incorporates elements of pastiche, irony, and playfulness, inviting reader participation and interpretation. It engages with diverse themes including cultural relativism, identity politics, and the impact of technology on society. This article highlights the importance of global perspectives, feminist and gender perspectives, and postcolonial perspectives within postmodern literature. It also discusses the visual and verbal collage techniques employed by postmodern authors, as well as their exploration of environmental concerns and technological influences. By providing an overview of these aspects and influences, this article offers insights into the complex and evolving nature of postmodern approaches in literature.

Postmodernism, literature, fragmentation, intertextuality, self-reflexivity, pastiche, irony, playfulness, cultural relativism, identity politics, global perspectives, feminist perspectives, gender perspectives, postcolonial perspectives, visual collage, verbal collage, environmental concerns, technological influences.

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