ALTSGEYMER KASALLIGI, PATOGENEZI VA DAVOLASH YONDASHUVLARI
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Abstract
Altsgeymer kasalligi (AK) - butun dunyo bo‘yicha keng tarqalgan, progressiv kechuvchi neyrodegenerativ patologiya bo‘lib, demensiyaning eng asosiy sabablaridan biri hisoblanadi. Altsgeymer kasalligining zamonaviy molekulyar va hujayraviy patogenezi, xususan beta-amiloidning agregatsiyasi, tau-oqsillarining giperfosforillanishi, sinaptik disfunksiya, neyroinflamatsiya va oksidlovchi stressning o‘zaro bog‘liq mexanizmlari chuqur tahlil qilingan. Kasallik rivojlanishiga genetik omillar (APOE ε4 alleli, APP, PSEN1/2 mutatsiyalari), metabolik buzilishlar, yallig‘lanish kaskadlari hamda miya glymfatik tizimi faoliyatining susayishi bilan bog‘liq yangi konsepsiyalar asosida yondashilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada AK diagnostikasining zamonaviy biomarkerlari suyuq biomateriallar (CSF), PET tasvirlash, plazmatik p-tau ko‘rsatkichlari, neyrovizualizatsion indekslar tahlil qilingan. Davolash yondashuvlari esa farmakologik va nofarmakologik jihatdan baholangan. So‘nggi yillarda biotexnologik terapiyalar monoklonal antitanachalar, gen terapiyasi, immunomodulyatorlar, hujayra terapiyasi hamda mikrobiota–miya o‘qi orqali ta’sir etuvchi usullar alohida ko‘rib chiqildi. AK patogenezidagi ko‘p omillilik konsepsiyasining tahlili, kasallikning erta bosqichlarida aniqlanishi va shaxsga yo‘naltirilgan terapiya tamoyillarining integratsiyalashgan ko‘rinishda yoritilganidir. Maqola orqali Altsgeymer kasalligini chuqur tushunish mumkin, yangi tadqiqot yo‘nalishlarini aniqlab, klinik amaliyotga mos yondashuvlarni taklif qilish mumkin.
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