ANALYSIS OF THE OBJECTIVE ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENCE AGAINST THE INVIOLABILITY OF PRIVATE LIFE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ARTICLE 141¹ OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37547/Keywords:
privacy, object of the offence, subject matter of the offence, actus reus, administrative prejudice, qualifying element, special categories of personal data, dissemination of information, Article 141¹ of the Criminal Code, Article 31 of the Constitution.Abstract
The article provides a systematic analysis of the objective elements — the object, the subject matter and the actus reus — of the offence of violation of the inviolability of private life under Article 141¹ of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Relying on the vertical classification of the object of the offence (general, generic and immediate), the author argues that the immediate object consists of social relations in the sphere of the exercise of the right to privacy enshrined in Article 31 of the Constitution. The analysis of the actus reus covers the two alternative forms of conduct — the unlawful collection and the unlawful dissemination of information, their content and mutual delimitation, the moment of completion of the offence, the constitutive role of administrative prejudice, and the circumstances excluding the criminality of the act. The analysis identifies six systemic mismatches between the constitutional guarantee and the scope of criminal-law protection, and formulates six proposals, including two draft provisions and a draft clause of a resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court.
Downloads
References
1. Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan (version adopted at the national referendum of 30 April 2023) // National Database of Legislation, 1 May 2023, No. 03/23/837/0241. — https://lex.uz/docs/-6445145
2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (New York, 16 December 1966).
3. Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 22 September 1994. — https://lex.uz/docs/-111453
4. Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 22 September 1994. — https://lex.uz/docs/-111460
5. Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Administrative Responsibility, 22 September 1994. — https://lex.uz/acts/-97664
6. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Principles and Guarantees of Freedom of Information”, 12 December 2002, No. 439-II // Bulletin of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2003, No. 1, Art. 2. — https://lex.uz/acts/-52268
7. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Personal Data”, 2 July 2019, No. ZRU-547. — https://lex.uz/docs/-4396419
8. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan”, 23 September 2016, No. ZRU-411. — https://lex.uz/docs/-3033167
9. Code pénal de la République française. Art. 226-1.
10. Strafgesetzbuch der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. § 201a.
11. Уголовный кодекс Российской Федерации от 13.06.1996 № 63-ФЗ. Ст. 137.
12. Уголовный кодекс Республики Казахстан от 03.07.2014 № 226-V. Ст. 147.
13. Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (ETS No. 108). — Strasbourg, 28.01.1981; Protocol CETS No. 223 (2018).
14. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 (GDPR). Art. 9.
15. ECtHR, Von Hannover v. Germany, no. 59320/00, judgment of 24 June 2004.
16. ECtHR [GC], S. and Marper v. the United Kingdom, nos. 30562/04 and 30566/04, judgment of 4 December 2008.
17. Warren S.D., Brandeis L.D. The Right to Privacy // Harvard Law Review. — 1890. — Vol. 4, No. 5. — P. 193–220.
18. Westin A.F. Privacy and Freedom. — New York: Atheneum, 1967. — 487 p.
19. Филимонова Е.А. Конституционное право российских граждан на неприкосновенность частной жизни: Дис. … канд. юрид. наук. — Волгоград, 2005. — 34 с.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Articles published in this journal are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0). Under this license:
- Share: Copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt: Remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercially
Attribution required: You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Authors retain copyright of their work while granting the journal first publication rights.
