THE SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ESSENCE OF CRIME AND PUNISHMENT: CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS AND LEGAL REFLECTIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37547/Keywords:
crime, punishment, law, justice, social danger, moral correction.Abstract
The concept of crime expresses human behavior in the form of action or inaction. The criminal law establishes that psychological processes, thoughts, or harmful intentions do not constitute a crime unless they manifest in action. Crime and punishment are interrelated socio-legal and philosophical phenomena. The notion of social danger serves as the main criterion distinguishing crimes from other offenses. The degree of social danger determines the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of a criminal act, including intent, motive, method, and consequences. Punishment, in turn, serves not only as a measure of retribution but also as a preventive and corrective mechanism ensuring justice and public order.
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