INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING INDEPENDENT LEARNING SKILLS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper explores international experiences in developing independent learning skills among primary school students, with a focus on practices in Finland, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and South Korea. Drawing from contemporary educational theory and cross-national case studies, the analysis highlights how pedagogical approaches, cultural expectations, and systemic structures shape learners’ capacity for autonomy and self-regulation.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
1.Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W.H. Freeman.
2.Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2009). Developing the theory of formative assessment. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 21(1), 5–31.
3.Boekaerts, M., Pintrich, P. R., & Zeidner, M. (2005). Handbook of Self-Regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications. Academic Press.
4.Dabbagh, N., & Kitsantas, A. (2012). Personal Learning Environments, social media, and self-regulated learning: A natural formula for connecting formal and informal learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(1), 3–8.
5.Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology, 49(3), 182–185.
6.Hattie, J. (2009). Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement. Routledge.
7.Kirschner, P. A., Sweller, J., & Clark, R. E. (2006). Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work. Educational Psychologist, 41(2), 75–86.
8.Lee, J., & Shute, V. J. (2010). Personal and social-contextual factors in K–12 computer-based learning environments. Educational Psychologist, 45(4), 223–234.
9.OECD. (2021). 21st-Century Skills and Competences for New Millennium Learners in OECD Countries. OECD Publishing.
10.Panadero, E. (2017). A review of self-regulated learning: Six models and four directions for research. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 422.