ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS FEATURES OF NEUROSIS IN CHILDREN

Abstract

Neurosis in children is one of the most common functional disorders of the nervous system observed in pediatric practice. It represents a reversible mental condition that arises as a result of prolonged psychological stress, emotional conflicts, or unfavorable social and family environments. Despite the absence of structural damage in the brain, neurosis significantly affects the mental, emotional, and behavioral development of children. The etiology of neurosis in children is multifactorial. It involves genetic predisposition, perinatal complications, neurophysiological immaturity of the nervous system, and external stress factors such as family conflicts, excessive parental control, school pressure, and traumatic experiences. The child’s temperament, psychological resilience, and personality development play a crucial role in determining susceptibility to neurosis. Pathogenesis is closely related to the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex, dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal system, and neurochemical changes in neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and GABA. Chronic stress leads to dysregulation of these neurochemical systems, resulting in increased anxiety, fear, sleep disturbances, and psychosomatic symptoms. Understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of neurosis in children is essential for early diagnosis, prevention, and effective treatment. Comprehensive management must include psychological counseling, family therapy, normalization of lifestyle, and, when necessary, pharmacotherapy. An integrative approach not only improves clinical outcomes but also ensures the healthy emotional and social development of the child.