This article analyzes the issues of highlighting cultural diversity through music education, the formation of intercultural dialogue, tolerance and aesthetic taste in students based on the artistic traditions of different peoples. The study of folklore, national melodies and songs of the peoples of the world in music lessons is considered an important factor in expanding students' cultural awareness, teaching them to respect the art of other nations and peoples. 

This article is dedicated to analyzing the specific aspects of ensuring the participation of persons involved in criminal proceedings at the pre-trial stage. The article examines the roles of participants - suspects, victims, witnesses, experts, and other individuals based on German criminal procedure law (Strafprozessordnung, StPO) and methods for ensuring their procedural activities. Special attention is given to legislative mechanisms, coercive measures, use of technology, and legal-ethical issues in ensuring participation. Additionally, based on the opinions of prominent legal scholars, the German experience is evaluated as a unique system. The aim of the article is to demonstrate the importance of participants in increasing the effectiveness of the pre-trial stage and to discuss the possibilities of applying this experience in Uzbekistan's legislation. The results of the analysis provide important conclusions for ensuring procedural justice and transparency at this stage.

This article analyzes the development of contemporary sculpture art in Uzbekistan, examining its historical, cultural, and aesthetic significance. Uzbekistan’s rich cultural heritage has played an important role in the formation and development of sculpture art. In recent years, under the influence of new technologies and global trends, sculpture has acquired new forms, incorporating new materials and styles. The article deeply explores the contemporary trends in Uzbek sculpture, the creative styles of artists, and the strategies of state support being implemented. It also discusses how sculpture is being integrated into the changing global culture and the tourism industry.

This article explores the etymology of words, specifically focusing on the processes of word borrowing and assimilation within a language. It examines how foreign words enter a language, the types of borrowed words, and the assimilation processes that occur as these words adapt to the phonological, morphological, and syntactic structures of the borrowing language. The study considers various types of loanwords, including direct loans, mediated loans, and cultural loans, and analyzes real-world examples, particularly focusing on English. The article also delves into the factors influencing the degree of integration, such as the social and cultural context, and how language contact shapes the evolution of vocabulary. Through a discussion of historical, social, and linguistic factors, the article highlights the dynamic nature of language change and the role of borrowed terms in enriching a language’s lexicon.

This article analyzes the impact of the victory at the end of World War II on the formation of the global security system, in particular the structure of the United Nations (UN), geopolitical balance , and modern peace mechanisms. It also highlights the role of this victory in the development of international legal norms and ideas of collective security.

The article analyzes the content and essence of regulatory legal acts governing the criminal procedure and operational-investigative aspects of combating illegal trafficking of narcotic drugs, and highlights the nature and content of certain operational-investigative measures.

The concept and significance of plea agreements, their socio-legal necessity, historical development, and some practical issues related to sentencing are discussed, with proposals and recommendations provided. To reliably ensure citizens' rights and freedoms, the essence of sentencing for crimes with plea agreements is clarified, opinions on some practical issues are expressed, and proposals are developed.

This article examines foreign experience in the provision of public services. The authors analyze modern approaches, technologies, and institutional mechanisms used in the organization and provision of public services in different countries. In particular, attention will be paid to best practices aimed at increasing the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of services for citizens. The article also examines the possibilities of adapting foreign models to the conditions of Uzbekistan and provides practical recommendations. This study is important for specialists in the field of public administration and public services, as well as those interested in this topic.

This article provides a detailed analysis of the economic efficiency of Khandon pistachio cultivation. It covers the agricultural importance of the product, cultivation technologies and resources, as well as economic analysis. The high profitability, export potential and opportunities for creating added value of Khandon pistachio cultivation are studied. The socio-economic impact and development prospects in rural areas are also considered. The article provides recommendations on the benefits of Khandon pistachio production and ways to effectively manage resources.

Evaluating work efficiency is one of the critical processes in human resource management, significantly influencing an organization's achievement of its overall goals. Work efficiency evaluation systems are rapidly evolving and integrating with modern technologies. This article discusses how the process of evaluating work efficiency is being improved through innovative approaches, the use of artificial intelligence (AI), and analytical tools.

This article highlights the efforts undertaken in recent years within our country to combat crime. It focuses on the initiative to transform the Republic's mahallas into "green" crime-free zones, based on an in-depth analysis of the criminogenic situation at the grassroots level and the social and domestic issues that have been troubling the population.

This article examines the issues of improving the procedure for conducting information and analytical activities in internal affairs bodies. Today, the rapid development of modern technologies and information systems, as well as the changes occurring in society, necessitate organizing activities in this field based on new approaches. The article analyzes existing problems in information-analytical processes and develops proposals for increasing their effectiveness. Additionally, the possibilities of studying foreign experiences and adapting them to local conditions are discussed. This research is of great importance in optimizing the activities of internal affairs bodies and ensuring public safety, meeting the demands of our time.

This articlе analyzеs thе intеrrеlationship bеtwееn artificial intеlligеncе (AI) and modеrn biotеchnology basеd on an ontognosological approach. Thе study еxaminеs thе possibilitiеs of artificial intеlligеncе to study, modеl, and intеrvеnе in biological systеms from a philosophical and еpistеmological pеrspеctivе. Thе formation of nеw typеs of knowlеdgе rеsulting from thе usе of information tеchnologiеs and AI tools in biotеchnology, еspеcially in thе fiеlds of gеnomе еditing, protеomics, pharmacogеnomics, and rеgеnеrativе mеdicinе, is analyzеd. Through ontological foundations, thе dеvеlopmеnt of human knowlеdgе, thе connеction bеtwееn еxpеriеncе and artificial intеlligеncе is philosophically еxplorеd. Thе articlе also еpistеmologically substantiatеs thе possibilitiеs of prеdicting, optimizing, and controlling biotеchnological procеssеs using artificial intеlligеncе.

Musical culture classes contribute to the formation of psychological qualities in secondary school students, enhance aesthetic perception, and support mental health, social skills, and personal development of students. In particular, special attention is paid to the understanding and striving for beauty, the upbringing of a perfect personality, the formation of aesthetic feelings, creative abilities and a culture of communication among young people through music. Also: Some methods of fostering psychological qualities in music culture lessons are presented.

This article analyzes the impact of protectionism policies on the national economy. The study examines the results of protectionist measures in the case of Uzbekistan, the United States, and China, as well as global protectionism trends based on data from the World Trade Organization (WTO). While protectionism offers opportunities to support national producers, create jobs, and diversify industries, it can also lead to problems such as price increases, technological backwardness, and the risk of international trade wars in the long term. Uzbekistan’s experience shows that balancing protectionism and free market principles is important. Based on the results of the study, proposals are put forward to introduce targeted protectionist measures, stimulate innovation, and expand international cooperation.

This article for the first time emphasizes the role and importance of the formation of creative thinking skills in the development of creative abilities of future specialists. It is argued that creative thinking helps to find unusual solutions to problems, at the same time we should not confuse it with critical thinking, but rather should look at "brothers" who complement each other in solving impossible problems.

In Wеstеrn philosophy, thе problеm of consciousnеss has bееn studiеd for many cеnturiеs basеd on various approachеs. Phеnomеnological and еxistеntial approachеs arе of particular importancе in this topic. Phеnomеnology is an approach aimеd at connеcting consciousnеss with thе еxtеrnal world, undеrstanding its structurе and еxpеriеncеs, and was dеvеlopеd by philosophеrs such as Еdmund Hussеrl and Martin Hеidеggеr. Еxistеntialism, on thе othеr hand, focusеs mainly on discovеring thе individual lifе, frееdom and mеaning of man, and was also dеvеlopеd by figurеs such as Jеan-Paul Sartrе and Friеdrich Niеtzschе. Thеsе two approachеs havе complеmеntary and somеtimеs opposing points of viеw in undеrstanding consciousnеss. Phеnomеnology and еxistеntialism rеvеal thе dееp layеrs of philosophical thinking and makе it possiblе to rеassеss thе mеaning of human lifе, consciousnеss and еxistеncе.

This article explores the role of gamification in teaching Kazakh literature and its impact on student engagement and comprehension. Gamification, or the integration of game elements into educational settings, enhances motivation, fosters active participation, and improves critical thinking skills. The paper discusses various game-based strategies, digital tools, and their applications in literature lessons. Special attention is given to the advantages and challenges of implementing gamification in Kazakh literature education.

This article discusses the economic efficiency of rice cultivation and innovative methods for improving it. Additionally, the article provides recommendations on increasing the volume and quality of rice cultivation to enhance food security and improve economic efficiency.

Sustainable tourism is a vital component of a country's economy, serving not only as a source of income but also playing a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and ensuring social stability. This article analyzes the role of sustainable tourism in our economy, its development factors, and methods for ensuring its sustainability. It also discusses strategies being implemented in the sector and their effectiveness.

This article analyzes the scientific-theoretical and methodological foundations of production costs in the digital economy and addresses issues related to cost reduction in farm enterprises.

This article discusses the main problems and prospects for the development of Uzbekistan's economy. The promising directions for economic development, such as the diversification of industry, the transition to a digital economy, the development of agro-technologies, and attracting international trade and investment, are considered. The article emphasizes the necessary measures to ensure economic growth in Uzbekistan and the importance of long-term reforms. It also discusses the need for further expanded reforms and new strategies for Uzbekistan’s economy to be competitive on a global scale.

This article is dedicated to the issue of ensuring employment in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It discusses employment, job creation, aligning supply and demand in the labor market, ensuring youth and women’s employment, and measures aimed at increasing employment in rural areas. Ensuring employment plays a significant role in achieving economic stability and social well-being. The article presents strategic directions and proposals for increasing employment. Small and medium-sized business development, updating the education system, and involving youth and women in employment are identified as key factors in solving employment problems.

This article analyzes the current pressing issues of the green economy. It examines the effectiveness of the green economy as an economic model aimed at environmental protection, ensuring economic stability, and enhancing social welfare. The article discusses issues such as climate change, the transition to renewable energy sources, resource management, the development of green technologies and innovations. It also highlights the challenges in transitioning to a green economy and the importance of global cooperation in this process. The role of government policy, economic support, and the promotion of innovation in the transition to a green economy is emphasized. This article helps understand the contemporary trends in green economy and reviews strategies put forward to ensure ecological sustainability.

This article analyzes the scientific-theoretical and methodological foundations of production costs in the digital economy and explores issues related to reducing costs in farm enterprises.

This article provides a scientific analysis of the concept of sustainable socio-political development and the main theoretical approaches explaining this phenomenon. It also examines the key methods and indicators used to assess political stability, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of the contextual approach, considering the differences among countries' political systems.

In the article each other communication system humanity in society progress stages, revolutionary changes in particular word. Also, publishing, telegraph​​ and television appearance to be, information exchange in the process instead of this regarding achieved achievements about thoughts statement done.

This article presents a linguistic analysis of anecdotal texts from the narrative speech genre in the Uzbek language. The contradiction in the image of the hero of the anecdotes, Nasreddin Effendi, is revealed

The article discusses some issues of creating an effective anti-corruption mechanism in the field of public procurement in the Republic of Uzbekistan through historical and legal analysis.  Special attention is paid to the positive experience of preventing corruption that occurs in public procurement, analyzing the shortcomings and problems, as well as further improving the anti-corruption mechanism in the field of procurement.

This article discusses the perspectives, challenges, and suggestions related to the qualification requirements of both employees and employers under the new economic conditions. The competency-based approach is aimed at addressing existing problems in the educational process, which remain unresolved in the theory and practice of vocational education technologies.

This article explores the crucial role of education in the formation and development of human capital. It examines how quality education fosters skills, innovation, and economic productivity. The article also discusses existing challenges in the education sector, especially in developing countries, and proposes recommendations for building a stronger educational foundation to support sustainable human capital growth.

The article analyzes the role, importance and effectiveness of marketing approaches in ensuring and increasing the competitiveness of higher education institutions (HEIs) in the educational services market. The author, having studied the state of the higher education system in the market, highlights the factors of forming a competitive advantage through strategic marketing, target audience identification, brand management, service quality, advertising and PR activities. The importance of improving the quality of education with the help of marketing approaches, establishing effective communication with applicants and their parents, and offering innovative educational services that meet market needs is substantiated.

This article examines the role and significance of the encouragement method in the educational process from a scientific perspective. The essence, types, and principles of effective application of this method are analyzed. The impact of the method on increasing students’ motivation, as well as their intellectual and emotional development, is also studied. The article highlights the practical significance of the encouragement method in organizing a more effective educational process.

This article explores the utilization of social media platforms as a tool for teaching English as a second language (ESL). Social media's interactive and accessible features offer innovative opportunities for language learners and educators. This study examines the effectiveness of social media in improving English language skills, particularly in vocabulary acquisition, communication skills, and cultural understanding. The research employs qualitative and quantitative methodologies, analyzing how specific platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and WhatsApp facilitate learning outcomes.

This paper explores the impact of cultural dimensions on educational systems, focusing on the comparison between Western and Eastern pedagogical approaches. By utilizing Hofstede’s cultural dimensions framework, the study delves into how cultural variables—such as individualism versus collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term vs. short-term orientation-affect various educational practices, including teaching methods, classroom management, and the interaction between teachers and students. The research highlights the significant role cultural values play in shaping curriculum design, the structure of educational institutions, and the way students engage with their studies.

This article explores the role of collaborative approaches in fostering general cultural competence among primary school students during upbringing lessons. In an increasingly globalized world, cultivating cultural awareness, ethical values, and social adaptability at an early age is crucial. Collaborative methods, including group projects, discussions, role-playing, and interdisciplinary integration, create a dynamic environment for students to internalize moral norms, national traditions, and global cultural diversity. The study analyzes effective pedagogical strategies, highlights the teacher's role as a facilitator, and emphasizes the importance of family and community involvement. It concludes that a collaborative approach enhances students' ability to interact respectfully in multicultural settings, thus contributing to their holistic development.

The great writer of Uzbek literature Shukur Kholmirzayev and the English writer Jack London are writers who each created a separate school of skill with their work. They have further improved the genre of the story, and are distinguished by world literature not only by the number of mature stories, but also by the fact that they have written new and diverse topics. This article examines the work of the great writers of the two countries. The example of their biographical works reveals the spirit of the era in a realistic way.

So, one of the main goals of Physical Culture in our homeland is to educate the people of Uzbekistan, who have achieved physical maturity, are active builders of the legal state, ready for creative work and defense of the motherland. This goal is common to all organizations and institutions implementing physical culture in the country.

this article provides information on improvement of educational plans of the direction of physical education and cooperation with other countries in the field of science.

This scientific article analyzes the importance of teaching civil law to cadets and students studying in educational institutions within the Ministry of Internal Affairs system. It is indicated that one of the main tasks of this discipline is to strengthen the legal knowledge of cadets and students, improve their professional qualifications, and develop skills in the correct application of legal norms in practice. The article also analyzes the theoretical views of national and foreign scholars on teaching civil law, and discusses modern teaching methods and their effectiveness.

This article describes the essence of the concept of proof, proof in criminal proceedings, the promotion of investigative hypotheses and their dynamic development, the formation and substantiation of reliable conclusions on a criminal case through the collection, verification, and evaluation of information and evidence about the facts and circumstances of a criminal case.

This article explores the effectiveness of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into the educational process, with a focus on digital pedagogy and individualized learning approaches. AI technologies such as adaptive learning systems, intelligent tutoring systems, and automated feedback tools have shown great promise in enhancing educational outcomes by personalizing learning experiences, improving engagement, and supporting teachers in their instructional roles. The paper examines how AI facilitates the personalization of learning, automates assessment tasks, and promotes inclusivity in education. Despite these benefits, the article also discusses the challenges associated with AI implementation, including data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and the risk of overreliance on technology. The conclusion emphasizes that while AI can transform education, its integration must be guided by ethical principles and a human-centered approach.

In Uzbekistan, as in the rest of the world, a significant transformation of the drug situation is taking place, driven by factors such as the emergence of new types of drugs, consumption patterns, the shift of drug trafficking routes, and the relocation of drug production centers. The growing abuse of narcotic and psychotropic substances has become a major issue for our country, posing a serious threat to public health, the national economy, the social sphere, security, and law enforcement.

This article provides a comparative analysis of the experience of developed foreign countries regarding the crime of disclosing information that degrades a person's honor and dignity and reveals confidential aspects of human life. It discusses the specific features of the social danger of this crime, the causes leading to its commission and their legal consequences, as well as some issues arising in current judicial and investigative practice.

This article is dedicated to studying the manifestations, levels, and factors influencing self-esteem in adolescents. Self-esteem is an individual’s perception of themselves, their capabilities, abilities, and relationships with others. Three levels of self-esteem are distinguished in adolescents: adequate, high, and low. While adequate self-esteem helps adolescents to accurately assess their strengths, high self-esteem can lead to excessive expectations, and low self-esteem can lead to depression.

This article discusses the specific advantages of organizing integrated classes in improving the creative potential of educators. By organizing integrated classes, establishing interrelationships between different disciplines and systematizing them, teachers are given the application of creative techniques, while giving students simultaneous growth conditions in many areas of knowledge. In education, the ntegrated approach gives teachers the opportunity to enrich their pedagogical methods and apply innovative methods, which increases their creative potential.  At the same time, the article provides recommendations and opinions on what methods can be used to improve the effectiveness of integrated classes.

In the context of rapidly evolving educational demands and social expectations, the formation of personal competence in modern teachers has become a critical area of focus. This article examines the conceptual and practical problems associated with developing the personal competence of educators in the 21st century. Drawing on pedagogical theory and recent empirical studies, the research highlights key challenges such as emotional resilience, adaptability, ethical responsibility, communication skills, and continuous professional development. The article identifies a gap between institutional teacher training programs and the dynamic skill sets required in real classroom environments. Through qualitative content analysis and selected case studies, the study presents evidence that a lack of targeted psychological-pedagogical support and reflective practice opportunities hinder the holistic development of teacher identity and effectiveness. The findings suggest that the integration of personalized, reflective, and context-sensitive approaches in teacher education is essential to foster professional autonomy, motivation, and social-emotional intelligence among modern educators.

In contemporary educational systems, teacher professionalism is increasingly recognized as a dynamic and multidimensional construct that extends beyond technical expertise to encompass reflective, ethical, and adaptive practice. This article explores the interrelationship between teacher professionalism and pedagogical reflection, highlighting the role of reflective thinking in the professional growth and instructional effectiveness of educators. Grounded in both theoretical frameworks and recent empirical research, the study demonstrates that pedagogical reflection—defined as a critical and conscious evaluation of one's teaching methods, decisions, and student interactions—serves as a core component of teacher autonomy, lifelong learning, and classroom innovation. Data from international assessments, such as TALIS (2022), indicate that over 60% of high-performing educators engage in regular reflective practice, correlating strongly with student achievement and teacher satisfaction. The article also discusses the barriers to effective reflective practice, including time constraints, lack of institutional support, and insufficient training. It concludes by offering recommendations for integrating structured reflection into pre-service and in-service teacher education programs. By embedding reflective routines into professional practice, educators can better respond to diverse classroom contexts, enhance their pedagogical adaptability, and uphold the evolving standards of teacher professionalism in the 21st century.

This article discusses the significant evolution of the United States' monetary and credit policy, particularly the Federal Reserve System’s role in managing economic stability and growth. It examines the key policy shifts from the early 2000s, including the responses to inflation and the 2008–2009 financial crisis, and highlights the importance of tools such as quantitative easing (QE) and the Volcker Rule. The article explores how these changes contributed to shaping the country's financial landscape, influencing both crisis management and long-term economic strategies. Moreover, the article touches on the ongoing impact of monetary policy under different administrations, with a focus on the Fed's evolving role, interest rate policies, and regulatory actions, particularly in response to global financial challenges and political pressures. The relationship between fiscal and monetary policies, as well as the Fed's adaptation to economic conditions, is central to the narrative.

While the countries belonging to the group of innovation leaders are undergoing a technological revolution, developing countries are solving the problems of forming a national innovation system based on the mechanisms of interaction within the "triple helix" and ensuring the overcoming of innovation stagnation. The authors pay special attention to the consideration of the varieties of factors of innovation inhibition, among which they highlight innovation challenges, threats and barriers, the action of which is determined by the time horizon of action. This approach allows narrowing the boundaries of the search for effective measures of state regulation in the innovation sphere. Based on the conducted research, the authors proved the need for a transition to closer international cooperation using various forms of network interaction aimed at eradicating technological inequality on a global scale.

Increasing the pace of tourism development in Uzbekistan to the level of indicators specified in the concept requires the formation of an active investment-oriented economic environment in the sector. Only then can the existing huge potential in the tourism sector be realized and become a multiplier of the socio-economic development of the country and its individual regions. The article presents the author's recommendations on the problems of using investments in the implementation of the concept of tourism development in Uzbekistan and their solutions.

This article explores the phenomenon of small-scale sculpture within the cultural context of pre-Islamic Central Asia. It analyzes the artistic characteristics, functions, and symbolic meanings of these objects within the framework of religious beliefs, everyday life, and the aesthetic views of ancient societies in the region. Particular attention is paid to terracotta and bronze items and their role in ritual practices, decorative and applied arts, and educational traditions. The author emphasizes the importance of small-scale sculpture as a bearer of sacred and mythological meanings, as well as a valuable source for understanding the mentality and worldview of ancient peoples. Key challenges in the study of small-scale sculpture are identified, including insufficient research, the fragmentary nature of findings, and difficulties of interpretation. This work is intended for researchers, educators, and creative practitioners interested in art history, archaeology, and the cultural heritage of Central Asia.

This article is about various innovative methods and their benefits for young people who are studying and mastering a foreign language in all regions, and studies the implementation of these methods by teachers using new technologies and the role and impact of the methods in the educational process.

Fibers, which are an integral part of the textile industry, have been used for a long time in human history. Fibers are divided into two main types: natural and chemical fibers. Natural fibers are obtained from plants, animals or minerals, while chemical fibers are produced through artificial or synthetic methods. Both types of fibers are widely used in industry and have their own specific physical and chemical properties. Natural and chemical fibers play an important role in the production of fabrics and other materials. Fiber materials are widely used in various areas of human life, including clothing, industry, medicine and ecology. Natural fibers are often obtained from plants or animals, while chemical fibers are produced through synthetic processes.

This study offers a thorough examination of synonyms, including their definitions, classifications, and linguistic contexts. The study shows how minor variations in meaning, connotation, and formality impact the use of synonyms by looking at various synonym types, including absolute, relative, and cognitive synonyms. By showing how synonyms can change depending on emotional tone, register (formal vs. informal), and regional dialects, the work highlights the significance of context in choosing the right synonym. The study also explores how knowing synonyms improves communication, providing guidance for language learners, writers, and speakers.

This article discusses the integration of project-based learning technology into the process of musical education and its role in the formation of musical thinking in students. The article analyzes the advantages of the project-based learning method, its contribution to the development of students' creative thinking, and its impact on deepening musical knowledge, skills, and competencies. It also reveals the pedagogical possibilities of the project-based approach in students' independent research, in-depth analysis of musical works, and the development of artistic and aesthetic thinking.

In the аrticle, the issues оf implementing "Intellectuаl trаnspоrt systems" in the regiоnаl trаnspоrt system, preventing trаffic jаms, increаsing the efficiency оf the trаnspоrt infrаstructure аnd creаting cоnvenience fоr the pоpulаtiоn were cоnsidered.

Public speaking anxiety, especially in a second language like English, is a common challenge faced by many students and professionals. This article explores the psychological and linguistic aspects of speech anxiety and offers practical, research-based strategies to manage and overcome it. Through understanding the causes and applying specific techniques, individuals can improve their confidence and performance in public speaking situations.

This article analyzes the importance and necessity of financial investigation mechanisms in the investigation of predicate crimes in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The research examines the concept of financial investigation, its scientific-theoretical and practical foundations, methodology, international experience, and existing practices in Uzbekistan. The article reveals the potential of financial investigation for identifying criminal proceeds, combating corruption, and increasing the efficiency of investigations.