Hеmatopoiеsis is thеprocеss of blood cеll formation and dеvеlopmеnt, occurring primarily in thеbonе marrow and othеrhеmatopoiеtic organs. It progrеssеs in thrее main pathways: еrythropoiеsis (rеd blood cеll formation), lеukopoiеsis (whitе blood cеll formation), and thrombopoiеsis (platеlеt production). Propеrhеmatopoiеsis is crucial for oxygеn transport, immunеdеfеnsе, and blood clotting. This procеss is rеgulatеd by hеmatopoiеticstеmcеlls and influеncеd by various factors, including hormonеs and biologically activеsubstancеs.

Heart transplantation is a complex surgical procedure used in the final stage of heart failure, aimed at saving human life. This article analyzes the scientific foundations of heart transplantation, its historical development, current problems in practice, success rate and global strategies. It also provides information on post-transplant complications, donor shortage, immunosuppressive therapy, and ethical and legal aspects of organ transplantation. The article also covers world experience, modern approaches and prospects for development in this area in the conditions of Uzbekistan. Analytical opinions are expressed based on a deep scientific approach to medical, social and ethical problems related to heart transplantation.

This article is devoted to the copy of the Turkic language work "Merojnoma" in the nastalik letter kept in Istanbul and its textual components. The article analyzed manuscript from the sourse point of view. "Meraj" is the ascension of the last Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) from Jerusalem to heaven to Allah. The works dedicated to this event are called "Mirajnama". Such works were originally created in Arabic literature. Later in Persian and Turkic literature, Mirajnama was formed as an independent work.

Витилиго — это хроническое кожное заболевание, при котором происходит потеря пигментации, вследствие чего на коже образуются белые пятна различного размера и формы. Несмотря на то что витилиго не представляет угрозы для жизни и не заразно, оно может значительно влиять на качество жизни пациента, вызывать психологический дискомфорт и снижать самооценку.

В нашей работе отражены  аспекты пата- морфология   эмболий, изучение  которых несет большую информацию  в патологоанатомической  службе и судебной медицинской экспертизе.

The study of the condition of the skin and its appendages in patients with alopecia areata (АA) is currently one of the urgent tasks of modern medicine. There are a wide range of factors contributing to the development of this disease, including genetic, autoimmune, and environmental causes. According to the latest data, there is an increase in the number of cases of severe nesting alopecia worldwide, which requires special attention from specialists. This article provides brief information on the frequency of occurrence and clinical forms of AА based on observations conducted in one of the clinics in Tashkent.

In this article, dental diseases caused by energy drinks occupy a special place due to their prevalence, complexity of diagnosis and treatment. In scientific sources, studies conducted over the past twenty years indicate that up to 32% of oral diseases are observed as a result of energy drinks, and up to 47.5% of these diseases are accompanied by various syndromes.

Изучены также морфологические изменения, образовавшиеся в результате воздействия грунтовых вод с высоким химическим содержанием на внутренние органы организма, и опубликованы результаты экспериментальных исследований по влиянию биоактивных добавок. Однако не показаны морфологические изменения, происходящие в кишечнике под воздействием грунтовых вод с высоким химическим содержанием, уровень нового лечебно-профилактического действия биоактивных добавок, а также уровень влияния биоактивных добавок на уровень морфологических изменений.

This article examines the interaction of modern adhesive materials, widely used in prosthodontics, with biological tissues such as pulp, dentin, and epithelium, based on scientific sources. The biocompatibility, potential toxicity, and clinical benefits of various adhesive materials with different chemical compositions are evaluated. The role of bioactive and nano-hybrid technologies in enhancing biological safety and promoting remineralization is also highlighted.

Infectious botulism is a severe infectious disease caused by a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. This article provides a thorough scientific analysis of the causes, biological and microbiological basis of botulism, the effects of the toxin on the body, clinical forms, diagnostic methods, and modern therapeutic approaches. The food-borne form of botulism, the way the toxin enters the body, its effects on internal organs and the nervous system, the late onset of clinical symptoms, the complexity of diagnosis, and the effectiveness of treatments are discussed in detail. The article also discusses the work being done to combat botulism in the global health system, modern antitoxins, immunotherapy methods, intensive care techniques, and vaccine projects being developed based on new research. The possibilities of establishing effective control over botulism through clinical trials, health system reports, modern laboratory diagnostic achievements, and preventive and epidemiological strategies are considered.  This article is of practical importance for medical professionals, epidemiologists, hygienists, and microbiologists, expanding knowledge about botulism among infectious diseases and contributing to its early detection and treatment.