Abstract

In rats of one month of age, the morphological state of the adrenal glands was studied during non-lethal alcohol intoxication with an energy drink (E.N), which, depending on the dose of ethanol taken and the duration of exposure, undoubtedly modifies the state of the adrenal glands. The state of the adrenal glands depends on the concentration of ethanol in the blood and the duration of alcohol intoxication. The data obtained using correlation analysis indicate that at a dose of 2 ml/kg, the morphofunctional state of the adrenal glands in females depended to a greater extent on the concentration of ethanol in the blood than in males.

Keywords

• adrenal gland, energy drink, ethyl alcohol, morphofunctional state, stress.

References

• Reissig CJ, Strain EC, Griffiths RR Caffeinated energy drinks are a growing problem. Drugs Alcohol addiction. 2009;99:1-10.
• Seifert S.M., Schechter J.L., Khershorin E.R., Lipshultz S.E. The impact of energy drinks on the health of children, adolescents and young adults. Pediatrics. 2011;127:511–528.
• Jackson D.A., Cotter B.W., Merchant R.S., Babu K.M., Baird J. R., Nirenberg T., Linakis J.G. Behavioral and physiological adverse effects in adolescent and young adult emergency department patients reporting energy drink and caffeine use. clin. Toxicol 2013;51:557–565.
• Díaz-Aguila Y., Cuevas-Romero E., Castellan F., Martínez-Gómez M., Rodríguez-Antolin H., Nicolas-Toledo L. Chronic stress and high sucrose intake induce characteristic morphometric effects in the adrenal glands of rats after weaning . 2018;93:565–574.
• O'Neill CE, Newsom RJ, Stafford J., Scott T., Archuleta S., Levis SC, Spencer RL, Campeau S., Bachtell RK Adolescent caffeine consumption increases anxiety-related behavior in adulthood and alters neuroendocrine alarm Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016;67: 40–50.
• Wu DM, He Z, Ma LP, Wang LL, Ping J, Wang H. Increased DNA methylation of class B type I scavenger receptors contributes to the inhibitory effects of prenatal caffeine on cholesterol uptake and steroidogenesis in the fetal adrenal gland. 2015;285:89–97.
• He Z., Zhu C., Huang H., Liu L., Wang L., Chen L., Magdalou J., Wang H. Abnormalities of adrenal gland development caused by prenatal caffeine exposure in male rat offspring and their possible intrauterine programming. mechanisms. Toxicol. 2016;5: 388–398.
• Xing Y., Lerario AM, Rainey W., Hammer GD Development of zoning of the adrenal cortex. Endocrinol. Metab. wedge. Us. 2015;44:243–274.
• Anderson N.L., Hughes R.N. Increased emotional reactivity in rats following caffeine exposure during adolescence. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 2008;30:195–201.
• Oyola M.G., Handa R.J. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes: sex differences in the regulation of stress responses. Stress. 2017;20:476–494.
• Ishimoto H., Jaffe R.B. Development and function of the human fetal adrenal cortex: a key component of the fetoplacental unit. Endocr. Rev 2011;32:317–355.
• Novello L., Speiser PW Premature adrenarche. Pediatrician. Anna. 2018;47:
• Belloni A.S., Rebuffat P., Malendovich L.K., Mazzocchi G., Rocco S., Nussdorfer G.G. Age-related changes in the morphology and function of the zona glomerulosa of the rat adrenal cortex. Tissue cell. 1992; 24:835–842.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.