CLINICAL COURSE, DIAGNOSIS, AND EVALUATION OF TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS OF PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37547/Keywords:
Childhood pneumonia; community-acquired pneumonia; pediatric pneumonia; tachypnoea; hypoxaemia; pulse oximetry; chest radiography; lung ultrasound; antibiotics; amoxicillin; oxygen therapy; treatment effectiveness.Abstract
Pneumonia remains one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide, particularly among children younger than five years of age. It is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome caused by bacterial, viral, and, less frequently, fungal pathogens. The clinical presentation varies according to age, causative organism, disease severity, nutritional status, immunization history, and the presence of underlying conditions. Early recognition of respiratory distress and hypoxaemia is essential because delayed treatment may result in respiratory failure, sepsis, pleural complications, and death. This review evaluates the clinical course, diagnostic approaches, and methods for assessing treatment effectiveness in childhood pneumonia using evidence from World Health Organization recommendations, international pediatric guidelines, systematic reviews, and epidemiological studies.
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