THE DOCTRINE OF THE COMMUNICATIVE (ACTUAL) STRUCTURE OF THE SENTENCE AND ITS RECEPTION IN UZBEK LINGUISTICS: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT, CONCEPTUAL APPARATUS AND THE LANGUAGE–SPEECH DISTINCTION
Keywords:
Uzbek language; functional sentence perspective; actual division; theme and rheme; sentence and utterance; language and speech; history of linguistics; Central Asian linguistic tradition; terminology.Abstract
This paper reconstructs the theoretical foundations of the doctrine of the communicative (actual) structure of the sentence and traces its reception in Uzbek linguistics. Distinguishing the sentence as a unit of language (gap) from the utterance as a unit of speech (jumla), it presents the communicative structure as the third constituent of sentence content, alongside the propositional and the modal constituents. It surveys the historical development of the doctrine — from antiquity and the Port‑Royal grammarians through H. Weil (1844), the psychologistic tradition (Gabelentz, Paul, Fortunatov, Peshkovsky) and V. Mathesius, who first established the phenomenon as a syntactic one, to its elaboration in the Prague and Russian schools — and documents its independent Central Asian antecedents (al‑Zamakhshari’s mavzu and mahmul; Fitrat) together with its modern Uzbek study. Drawing on a corpus of Uzbek utterances, it sets out the conceptual apparatus — theme and rheme, the communicative paradigm, and syntagmatically independent and dependent utterances — and analyses the terminological controversy surrounding both the phenomenon and its units. It argues that, possessing its own linguistic means and belonging to the content side of the text, the actual structure is a proper object of communicative and text linguistics.
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