/* ==========================================================================
   rcTheme 1.0 : Research Citations child theme for the OJS 3.4 Default theme
   Loaded after the parent stylesheet. Plain CSS, no build step.

   Tokens (owner decisions 2026-10-08)
   Fonts F2   Source Serif 4 600/700, IBM Plex Sans 400/500/600, IBM Plex Mono
   Palette P1 per journal accent, neutral frame
   Spacing S2 8 / 16 / 24 / 32 / 48 / 64 / 96, text 760px, container 1200px
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
	--rc-ink: #14181F;
	--rc-muted: #5B6472;
	--rc-line: #E3E5E8;
	--rc-paper: #FAFAF8;
	--rc-card: #FFFFFF;

	--rc-primary: #14181F;
	--rc-dark: #14181F;
	--rc-tint: #F0F1F3;
	--rc-accent: #8A93A3;

	--rc-serif: "Source Serif 4", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
	--rc-sans: "IBM Plex Sans", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
	--rc-mono: "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Consolas, monospace;

	--rc-s1: 8px;
	--rc-s2: 16px;
	--rc-s3: 24px;
	--rc-s4: 32px;
	--rc-s5: 48px;
	--rc-s6: 64px;
	--rc-s7: 96px;
	--rc-text: 760px;
	--rc-container: 1200px;
	--rc-gutter: 16px;
	--rc-radius: 4px;
}

.rc-accent-ibmscr {
	--rc-primary: #0F5C5A;
	--rc-dark: #0A3F3E;
	--rc-tint: #E6F0EF;
	--rc-accent: #4E8F8B;
}

.rc-accent-ibast {
	--rc-primary: #2B3A8C;
	--rc-dark: #1C275F;
	--rc-tint: #E9EBF6;
	--rc-accent: #6270C2;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
	:root { --rc-gutter: 24px; }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- base */
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }

body.rc-theme {
	background: var(--rc-paper);
	color: var(--rc-ink);
	font-family: var(--rc-sans);
	font-size: 16px;
	line-height: 1.65;
	-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
	font-feature-settings: "kern" 1;
}

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_page { overflow-x: clip; background: var(--rc-paper); }

.rc-theme a { color: var(--rc-primary); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.rc-theme a:hover { color: var(--rc-dark); }

.rc-theme :focus { outline: none; }
.rc-theme :focus-visible {
	outline: 3px solid var(--rc-primary);
	outline-offset: 2px;
	border-radius: 2px;
}

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main h1,
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main h2,
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main h3,
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main h4,
.rc-theme .page_title {
	font-family: var(--rc-serif);
	color: var(--rc-ink);
	letter-spacing: -0.005em;
	font-weight: 600;
}

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main h1 { font-size: 30px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 var(--rc-s3); }
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main h2 { font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.25; margin: var(--rc-s5) 0 var(--rc-s2); }
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main h3 { font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.3; margin: var(--rc-s4) 0 var(--rc-s1); }
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main h4 { font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.35; margin: var(--rc-s3) 0 var(--rc-s1); }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
	.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main h1 { font-size: 40px; line-height: 1.15; }
	.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main h2 { font-size: 28px; }
}

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main p,
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main ul,
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main ol { line-height: 1.65; margin: 0 0 var(--rc-s2); }

.rc-prose { max-width: var(--rc-text); }

.rc-mono-text,
.rc-theme .doi .value,
.rc-theme .pubid .value { font-family: var(--rc-mono); font-size: 14px; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- containers */
.rc-theme .pkp_site_name_wrapper,
.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper,
.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_user,
.rc-theme .pkp_search_mobile,
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_content,
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_footer,
.rc-theme.has_site_logo .pkp_head_wrapper {
	width: auto;
	max-width: calc(var(--rc-container) + 2 * var(--rc-gutter));
	padding-left: var(--rc-gutter);
	padding-right: var(--rc-gutter);
	margin-left: auto;
	margin-right: auto;
}

/* parent clearfix pseudo-elements would become flex/grid items here */
.rc-theme .pkp_site_name_wrapper:before,
.rc-theme .pkp_site_name_wrapper:after,
.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper:before,
.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper:after,
.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_user:before,
.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_user:after,
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_footer:before,
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_footer:after { content: none; display: none; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- header */
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_head {
	background: var(--rc-card);
	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
	border-top: 4px solid var(--rc-primary);
	position: relative;
	z-index: 20;
}

.rc-theme .pkp_head_wrapper { padding-top: 0; position: relative; }

.rc-theme .pkp_site_name_wrapper {
	height: auto;
	min-height: 64px;
	display: flex;
	align-items: center;
	gap: var(--rc-s2);
}

.rc-theme .pkp_site_name {
	position: static;
	padding: 0;
	white-space: normal;
	overflow: visible;
	font-size: inherit;
	color: var(--rc-ink);
	flex: 1 1 auto;
	min-width: 0;
}

.rc-brand {
	display: inline-flex;
	align-items: center;
	gap: 12px;
	padding: 10px 0;
	color: var(--rc-ink) !important;
	text-decoration: none;
}

.rc-brand__seal { width: 40px; height: 40px; flex: 0 0 auto; display: block; }

.rc-brand__text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-width: 0; }

.rc-brand__name {
	font-family: var(--rc-serif);
	font-weight: 600;
	font-size: 16px;
	line-height: 1.2;
	color: var(--rc-ink);
}

.rc-brand__meta {
	font-family: var(--rc-mono);
	font-size: 12px;
	line-height: 1.4;
	color: var(--rc-muted);
	margin-top: 2px;
}

.rc-brand:hover .rc-brand__name { color: var(--rc-primary); }

.rc-theme .pkp_site_name .is_img { margin: 8px 0; }
.rc-theme .pkp_site_name .is_img img { max-height: 56px; }
.rc-theme .pkp_site_name .is_img:focus { outline: none; }

/* mobile menu button */
.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_toggle {
	position: static;
	order: 2;
	flex: 0 0 auto;
	width: 44px;
	height: 44px;
	border: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
	border-radius: var(--rc-radius);
	background: var(--rc-card);
	box-shadow: none;
	cursor: pointer;
}

.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_toggle > span,
.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_toggle > span:before,
.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_toggle > span:after { border-color: var(--rc-ink); }
.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_toggle > span { width: 20px; height: 16px; border-bottom-width: 2px; }
.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_toggle > span:before,
.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_toggle > span:after { background: var(--rc-ink); height: 2px; }
.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_toggle > span:after { top: 7px; }
.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_toggle--transform > span:before { top: 7px; }
.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_toggle--transform > span:after { top: 7px; transform: rotate(90deg); }
.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_toggle--transform > span:before { transform: rotate(45deg); }
.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_toggle--transform > span { transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(0deg); }
.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_toggle:focus { box-shadow: none; }

/* mobile menu panel */
.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_menu {
	background: var(--rc-card);
	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
	padding: var(--rc-s2) var(--rc-gutter) var(--rc-s3);
	box-shadow: none;
}

.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_menu a {
	color: var(--rc-ink);
	padding: 10px 0;
	font-weight: 500;
	font-size: 16px;
}

.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_menu a:hover,
.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_menu a:focus { color: var(--rc-primary); text-decoration: underline; }

.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_menu ul ul a { font-weight: 400; color: var(--rc-muted); padding: 6px 0; }

.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_search_wrapper { border-top: 1px solid var(--rc-line); }

.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_user_wrapper {
	border-top: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
	margin-top: var(--rc-s2);
	padding-top: var(--rc-s1);
}

.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_user .task_count { background: var(--rc-tint) !important; color: var(--rc-ink) !important; }

.rc-icon { display: inline-block; vertical-align: -3px; margin-right: 6px; }

@media (min-width: 992px) {
	.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_toggle { display: none; }

	.rc-theme .pkp_head_wrapper {
		max-width: none;
		width: auto;
		padding: 0;
	}

	.rc-theme .pkp_site_name_wrapper { min-height: 88px; padding-right: 320px; }

	.rc-brand__seal { width: 48px; height: 48px; }
	.rc-brand__name { font-size: 20px; }
	.rc-brand__meta { font-size: 13px; }

	.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_menu {
		position: static;
		padding: 0;
		border: 0;
		background: transparent;
	}

	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_primary_row {
		border-top: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
		background: var(--rc-card);
	}

	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper {
		display: flex;
		align-items: stretch;
		justify-content: space-between;
	}

	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_primary { max-width: none; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0 var(--rc-s3); }

	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a,
	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_search_wrapper a {
		margin: 0;
		padding: 14px 0 12px;
		border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
		color: var(--rc-ink);
		font-size: 15px;
		font-weight: 500;
		text-decoration: none;
	}

	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_primary > li:first-child a { margin-left: 0; }
	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_primary > li:last-child a { margin-right: 0; }

	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:hover,
	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_search_wrapper a:hover {
		color: var(--rc-primary);
		border-color: var(--rc-primary);
		text-decoration: none;
	}

	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:focus,
	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_search_wrapper a:focus,
	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_user > li > a:focus {
		background: transparent;
		color: var(--rc-primary);
	}

	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:focus-visible,
	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_search_wrapper a:focus-visible,
	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_user > li > a:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--rc-primary); outline-offset: 2px; }

	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_search_wrapper { border: 0; float: none; }

	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_user_wrapper {
		position: absolute;
		top: 0;
		right: max(0px, calc((100% - var(--rc-container) - 2 * var(--rc-gutter)) / 2));
		left: auto;
		transform: none;
		width: auto;
		max-width: none;
		margin: 0;
		padding: 0 var(--rc-gutter);
		border: 0;
		height: 88px;
		display: flex;
		align-items: center;
	}

	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_user {
		width: auto;
		max-width: none;
		padding: 0;
		display: flex;
		gap: var(--rc-s3);
	}

	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_user > li > a {
		color: var(--rc-muted);
		font-size: 14px;
		font-weight: 500;
		padding: 6px 0;
	}

	.rc-theme .pkp_navigation_user > li > a:hover { color: var(--rc-primary); }

	.rc-theme .dropdown-menu {
		background: var(--rc-card);
		border: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
		border-radius: var(--rc-radius);
		box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(20, 24, 31, 0.08);
		padding: var(--rc-s1) 0;
		min-width: 220px;
	}

	.rc-theme .dropdown-menu a {
		display: block;
		padding: 8px var(--rc-s2);
		color: var(--rc-ink);
		border-left: 2px solid transparent;
		font-weight: 400;
		font-size: 15px;
	}

	.rc-theme .dropdown-menu a:hover,
	.rc-theme .dropdown-menu a:focus {
		background: var(--rc-tint);
		color: var(--rc-dark);
		border-color: var(--rc-primary);
	}
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- skip links */
.rc-theme .cmp_skip_to_content a {
	background: var(--rc-ink);
	color: #fff;
	padding: 12px 16px;
	font-weight: 600;
}

.rc-theme .cmp_skip_to_content a:focus { outline: 3px solid #fff; outline-offset: -6px; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- buttons */
.rc-btn {
	display: inline-flex;
	align-items: center;
	justify-content: center;
	min-height: 44px;
	padding: 10px 20px;
	border: 1px solid transparent;
	border-radius: var(--rc-radius);
	font-family: var(--rc-sans);
	font-weight: 600;
	font-size: 15px;
	line-height: 1.2;
	text-decoration: none !important;
	transition: background-color .15s ease, color .15s ease, border-color .15s ease;
}

.rc-btn--primary { background: var(--rc-primary); color: #fff !important; }
.rc-btn--primary:hover { background: var(--rc-dark); color: #fff !important; }

.rc-btn--secondary { background: var(--rc-card); color: var(--rc-primary) !important; border-color: var(--rc-primary); }
.rc-btn--secondary:hover { background: var(--rc-tint); color: var(--rc-dark) !important; }

.rc-btn--on-dark { background: #fff; color: var(--rc-dark) !important; }
.rc-btn--on-dark:hover { background: var(--rc-tint); }

.rc-btn--ghost-on-dark { background: transparent; color: #fff !important; border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75); }
.rc-btn--ghost-on-dark:hover { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12); border-color: #fff; }

.rc-hero :focus-visible,
.rc-footer :focus-visible { outline-color: #fff; }

.rc-link { font-weight: 600; }

/* parent buttons and form controls */
.rc-theme .cmp_button,
.rc-theme .cmp_form .buttons button,
.rc-theme .page_search .submit button,
.rc-theme .block_make_submission a,
.rc-theme .cmp_button_wire,
.rc-theme .obj_galley_link {
	border-radius: var(--rc-radius);
	box-shadow: none;
	background-image: none;
	font-family: var(--rc-sans);
}

.rc-theme .cmp_form .buttons button,
.rc-theme .page_search .submit button,
.rc-theme .block_make_submission a {
	background: var(--rc-primary);
	border: 1px solid var(--rc-primary);
	color: #fff;
	font-weight: 600;
}

.rc-theme .cmp_form .buttons button:hover,
.rc-theme .page_search .submit button:hover,
.rc-theme .block_make_submission a:hover { background: var(--rc-dark); }

.rc-theme input[type="text"],
.rc-theme input[type="email"],
.rc-theme input[type="password"],
.rc-theme input[type="search"],
.rc-theme input[type="url"],
.rc-theme select,
.rc-theme textarea,
.rc-input {
	border: 1px solid #8A919C;
	border-radius: var(--rc-radius);
	padding: 10px 12px;
	font: 16px/1.4 var(--rc-sans);
	color: var(--rc-ink);
	background: #fff;
	box-shadow: none;
}

.rc-theme input:focus-visible,
.rc-theme select:focus-visible,
.rc-theme textarea:focus-visible,
.rc-input:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--rc-primary); outline-offset: 1px; border-color: var(--rc-primary); }

/* galley link (PDF) */
.rc-theme .obj_galley_link {
	display: inline-flex;
	align-items: center;
	gap: 6px;
	min-height: 32px;
	padding: 4px 12px;
	border: 1px solid var(--rc-primary);
	background: var(--rc-card);
	color: var(--rc-primary);
	font-family: var(--rc-mono);
	font-size: 13px;
	font-weight: 500;
	letter-spacing: .02em;
	text-decoration: none;
}

.rc-theme .obj_galley_link:before { display: none; }
.rc-theme .obj_galley_link:hover,
.rc-theme .obj_galley_link:focus { background: var(--rc-primary); color: #fff; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- hero */
.rc-hero {
	position: relative;
	isolation: isolate;
	color: #fff;
	min-height: 360px;
	display: flex;
	align-items: flex-end;
	overflow: hidden;
	background: var(--rc-dark);
}

.rc-hero__img {
	position: absolute;
	inset: 0;
	width: 100%;
	height: 100%;
	object-fit: cover;
	object-position: center;
	z-index: -2;
}

.rc-hero__veil {
	position: absolute;
	inset: 0;
	background: var(--rc-dark);
	opacity: .78;
	z-index: -1;
}

.rc-hero__inner {
	width: 100%;
	max-width: calc(var(--rc-container) + 2 * var(--rc-gutter));
	margin: 0 auto;
	padding: var(--rc-s6) var(--rc-gutter) var(--rc-s5);
}

.rc-hero__title {
	font-family: var(--rc-serif);
	font-weight: 700;
	font-size: 32px;
	line-height: 1.12;
	letter-spacing: -0.01em;
	margin: 0;
	max-width: 22ch;
	color: #fff;
	text-wrap: balance;
}

.rc-hero__facts {
	display: flex;
	flex-wrap: wrap;
	gap: var(--rc-s1) var(--rc-s4);
	margin: var(--rc-s3) 0 0;
	padding: 0;
	font-family: var(--rc-mono);
	font-size: 13px;
	line-height: 1.4;
}

.rc-hero__facts div { display: flex; gap: 8px; }
.rc-hero__facts dt { color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82); font-weight: 400; }
.rc-hero__facts dd { margin: 0; color: #fff; font-weight: 500; }

.rc-hero__actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; margin-top: var(--rc-s4); }

.rc-hero__journals {
	list-style: none;
	margin: var(--rc-s3) 0 0;
	padding: 0;
	display: flex;
	flex-direction: column;
	gap: 8px;
}

.rc-hero__journals a {
	color: #fff;
	font-size: 17px;
	font-weight: 500;
	text-decoration: underline;
	text-decoration-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
}

.rc-hero__journals a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration-color: #fff; }

.rc-hero__credit {
	position: absolute;
	right: var(--rc-gutter);
	bottom: 8px;
	margin: 0;
	font-size: 12px;
	line-height: 1.3;
	color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
}

.rc-hero__credit a { color: inherit; }
.rc-hero__credit a:hover { color: #fff; }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
	.rc-hero { min-height: 420px; }
	.rc-hero__title { font-size: 44px; }
	.rc-hero__inner { padding-top: var(--rc-s7); padding-bottom: var(--rc-s6); }
	.rc-hero__facts { font-size: 14px; }
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
	.rc-hero { min-height: 480px; }
	.rc-hero__title { font-size: 52px; }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- layout */
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_content { padding-top: var(--rc-s4); padding-bottom: var(--rc-s6); }
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main { padding: 0; }
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main:before,
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main:after { display: none; }

.rc-is-home .pkp_structure_content { padding-top: var(--rc-s5); }

@media (min-width: 992px) {
	.rc-theme .pkp_structure_content { padding-top: var(--rc-s5); padding-bottom: var(--rc-s7); }
	.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main { width: calc(100% - 300px - var(--rc-s5)); float: left; padding: 0; }
	.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main:first-child:last-child { width: 100%; float: none; margin-top: 0; }
	.rc-theme .pkp_structure_sidebar { width: 300px; float: right; }
}

/* sidebar blocks */
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_sidebar { padding-top: var(--rc-s4); }
.rc-theme .pkp_block {
	padding: 0 0 var(--rc-s3);
	margin-bottom: var(--rc-s3);
	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
	font-size: 15px;
}
.rc-theme .pkp_block .title {
	font-family: var(--rc-sans);
	font-size: 13px;
	font-weight: 600;
	text-transform: uppercase;
	letter-spacing: .06em;
	color: var(--rc-muted);
}
@media (min-width: 992px) {
	.rc-theme .pkp_structure_sidebar { padding-top: 0; }
	.rc-theme .pkp_block { padding: 0 0 var(--rc-s3); }
}

/* breadcrumbs */
.rc-theme .cmp_breadcrumbs { font-size: 14px; color: var(--rc-muted); margin-bottom: var(--rc-s2); }
.rc-theme .cmp_breadcrumbs a { color: var(--rc-muted); }
.rc-theme .cmp_breadcrumbs a:hover { color: var(--rc-primary); }
.rc-theme .cmp_breadcrumbs .current { color: var(--rc-ink); }

/* sections on home pages */
.rc-section + .rc-section,
.rc-theme .cmp_announcements + .rc-section { margin-top: var(--rc-s6); }

.rc-section__head {
	display: flex;
	align-items: baseline;
	justify-content: space-between;
	gap: var(--rc-s2);
	flex-wrap: wrap;
	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rc-ink);
	padding-bottom: var(--rc-s1);
	margin-bottom: var(--rc-s3);
}

.rc-theme .rc-section__head h2 { margin: 0; }

.rc-more { font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; }
.rc-theme .read_more:after,
.rc-theme .rc-more:after { content: none; display: none; }

.rc-theme .current_issue_title {
	font-family: var(--rc-mono);
	font-size: 14px;
	color: var(--rc-muted);
	margin: 0 0 var(--rc-s2);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- issue TOC */
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .heading {
	display: block;
	padding: 0 0 var(--rc-s3);
	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
	margin-bottom: var(--rc-s1);
}

.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .heading .description { max-width: var(--rc-text); color: var(--rc-muted); }
/* the journal home already introduces the journal in the hero */
.rc-theme .page_index_journal .obj_issue_toc .heading .description { display: none; }
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .heading .published { font-family: var(--rc-mono); font-size: 13px; color: var(--rc-muted); margin: var(--rc-s1) 0 0; }
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .heading .published .label { font-family: var(--rc-sans); }
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .heading .cover img { max-width: 180px; border: 1px solid var(--rc-line); }

.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .galleys,
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .section { margin: var(--rc-s4) 0 0; }

.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .section > h2,
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .section > h3,
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .galleys > h2,
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .galleys > h3 {
	font-family: var(--rc-sans);
	font-size: 13px;
	font-weight: 600;
	text-transform: uppercase;
	letter-spacing: .06em;
	color: var(--rc-muted);
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0 0 var(--rc-s1);
	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
	background: none;
}

.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .section:before { display: none; }
.rc-theme .cmp_article_list { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.rc-theme .cmp_article_list > li { margin: 0; padding: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rc-line); }

/* article summary */
.rc-theme .obj_article_summary { padding: var(--rc-s3) 0; position: relative; }
.rc-theme .obj_article_summary:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; }

.rc-theme .obj_article_summary .cover { float: right; width: 96px; margin: 0 0 var(--rc-s1) var(--rc-s3); }
.rc-theme .obj_article_summary .cover img { width: 100%; height: auto; border: 1px solid var(--rc-line); }

.rc-theme .obj_article_summary > .title,
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .obj_article_summary > .title {
	font-family: var(--rc-serif);
	font-weight: 600;
	font-size: 18px;
	line-height: 1.35;
	margin: 0;
	max-width: var(--rc-text);
	overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.rc-theme .obj_article_summary > .title a { color: var(--rc-ink); text-decoration: none; }
.rc-theme .obj_article_summary > .title a:hover { color: var(--rc-primary); text-decoration: underline; }
.rc-theme .obj_article_summary .subtitle { display: block; margin-top: 4px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; color: var(--rc-muted); }

.rc-theme .obj_article_summary .authors {
	margin-top: var(--rc-s1);
	font-size: 15px;
	line-height: 1.5;
	color: var(--rc-muted);
	max-width: var(--rc-text);
}

.rc-summary-meta {
	display: flex;
	flex-wrap: wrap;
	align-items: center;
	gap: var(--rc-s1) var(--rc-s2);
	margin-top: 12px;
	font-family: var(--rc-mono);
	font-size: 13px;
	color: var(--rc-muted);
}

.rc-theme .rc-summary-meta .pages,
.rc-theme .rc-summary-meta .published { white-space: nowrap; }

.rc-theme .obj_article_summary .galleys_links {
	display: flex;
	flex-wrap: wrap;
	gap: 8px;
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
	list-style: none;
}

.rc-theme .obj_article_summary .galleys_links li { margin: 0; display: block; }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
	.rc-theme .obj_article_summary > .title,
	.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .obj_article_summary > .title { font-size: 20px; }
}

/* issue archive */
.rc-theme .obj_issue_summary .title { font-family: var(--rc-serif); font-weight: 600; }
.rc-theme .obj_issue_summary .series { font-family: var(--rc-mono); font-size: 13px; color: var(--rc-muted); }
.rc-theme .issues_archive > li { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rc-line); padding: var(--rc-s3) 0; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- article page */
.rc-article .page_title {
	font-size: 28px;
	line-height: 1.2;
	font-weight: 700;
	margin: 0 0 var(--rc-s2);
	max-width: 26ch;
	max-width: var(--rc-text);
	overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.rc-article .subtitle { font-family: var(--rc-serif); font-weight: 400; color: var(--rc-muted); margin-top: 0; }

.rc-article .row { display: block; margin: 0; }

.rc-article .main_entry { max-width: var(--rc-text); }

.rc-article .item { padding: 0; margin: 0 0 var(--rc-s4); }
.rc-article .main_entry .item:before { display: none; }

.rc-article .item .label,
.rc-article .entry_details .item .label,
.rc-article .main_entry .item .label {
	font-family: var(--rc-sans);
	font-size: 13px;
	font-weight: 600;
	text-transform: uppercase;
	letter-spacing: .06em;
	color: var(--rc-muted);
	margin: 0 0 var(--rc-s1);
}

.rc-article .authors { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.rc-article .authors li { margin: 0 0 12px; }
.rc-article .authors .name { display: block; font-weight: 600; font-size: 17px; color: var(--rc-ink); }
.rc-article .authors .affiliation { display: block; font-size: 15px; color: var(--rc-muted); }
.rc-article .authors .orcid { font-family: var(--rc-mono); font-size: 13px; }

.rc-article .abstract { font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; }
.rc-article .abstract p { margin: 0 0 var(--rc-s2); }

.rc-article .keywords .value { display: block; }

.rc-article .doi .value a,
.rc-article .pubid .value a { font-family: var(--rc-mono); word-break: break-all; }

.rc-article .references .value { font-size: 15px; color: #2A303A; }
.rc-article .references .value p { padding-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em; margin: 0 0 8px; }

.rc-article .entry_details {
	border: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
	border-radius: var(--rc-radius);
	background: var(--rc-card);
	padding: var(--rc-s3);
	margin-top: var(--rc-s4);
}

.rc-article .entry_details .item {
	margin: 0;
	padding: var(--rc-s2) 0;
	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
	border-top: 0;
}

.rc-article .entry_details .item:first-child { padding-top: 0; }
.rc-article .entry_details .item:last-child { border-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
.rc-article .entry_details .sub_item + .sub_item { margin-top: 12px; }
.rc-article .entry_details .value { font-size: 15px; }
.rc-article .entry_details .published .value,
.rc-article .entry_details .pages .value { font-family: var(--rc-mono); font-size: 14px; }
.rc-article .entry_details .galleys_links { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
.rc-article .entry_details .galleys_links .obj_galley_link { min-height: 44px; padding: 8px 20px; font-size: 14px; background: var(--rc-primary); color: #fff; }
.rc-article .entry_details .galleys_links .obj_galley_link:hover { background: var(--rc-dark); }
.rc-article .entry_details .cover_image img { max-width: 100%; border: 1px solid var(--rc-line); }
.rc-article .citation_display .value { font-size: 15px; }

@media (min-width: 992px) {
	.rc-article .page_title { font-size: 36px; }
	.rc-article .row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px; gap: var(--rc-s5); align-items: start; }
	.rc-article .row:before,
	.rc-article .row:after { display: none; }
	.rc-article .main_entry,
	.rc-article .entry_details { float: none; width: auto; margin: 0; }
	.rc-article .entry_details { position: sticky; top: var(--rc-s3); }
	/* the article page has a sidebar column of its own */
	.pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_main { width: 100%; float: none; }
	.pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_sidebar { display: none; }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- site index */
.rc-theme .page_index_site .about_site { font-size: 18px; color: #2A303A; margin-bottom: var(--rc-s5); }

.rc-journals > h2 {
	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rc-ink);
	padding-bottom: var(--rc-s1);
	margin: 0 0 var(--rc-s3) !important;
}

.rc-journal-list {
	list-style: none;
	margin: 0 !important;
	padding: 0;
	display: grid;
	grid-template-columns: 1fr;
	gap: var(--rc-s3);
}

.rc-journal {
	display: grid;
	grid-template-rows: auto 1fr;
	background: var(--rc-card);
	border: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
	border-top: 4px solid var(--rc-primary);
	border-radius: var(--rc-radius);
	overflow: hidden;
}

.rc-journal__media { display: block; position: relative; aspect-ratio: 16 / 7; background: var(--rc-dark); }
.rc-journal__media img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; }
.rc-journal__media:after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; background: var(--rc-dark); opacity: .35; }

.rc-journal__body { padding: var(--rc-s3); position: relative; }

.rc-journal__seal {
	width: 56px;
	height: 56px;
	margin-top: calc(-1 * var(--rc-s3) - 28px);
	margin-bottom: var(--rc-s2);
	background: var(--rc-card);
	border-radius: 50%;
	box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px var(--rc-card);
	display: block;
	position: relative;
}

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-journal__title {
	font-size: 22px;
	line-height: 1.25;
	margin: 0;
}

.rc-journal__title a { color: var(--rc-ink); text-decoration: none; }
.rc-journal__title a:hover { color: var(--rc-primary); text-decoration: underline; }

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-journal__meta {
	font-family: var(--rc-mono);
	font-size: 13px;
	color: var(--rc-muted);
	margin: var(--rc-s1) 0 0;
}

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-journal__links {
	list-style: none;
	padding: 0;
	margin: var(--rc-s3) 0 0;
	display: flex;
	flex-wrap: wrap;
	align-items: center;
	gap: 12px var(--rc-s2);
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
	.rc-journal-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
}

/* the live site's legacy footer hacks hide the sidebar on the index; keep it off there */
.pkp_page_index .pkp_structure_main .journals ul.rc-journal-list > li { padding: 0; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- about / prose pages */
.rc-theme .page_about,
.rc-theme .page_submissions,
.rc-theme .page_contact,
.rc-theme .page_privacy { max-width: var(--rc-text); }

/* announcements */
.rc-theme .cmp_announcements { border: 1px solid var(--rc-line); border-radius: var(--rc-radius); background: var(--rc-card); margin: 0 0 var(--rc-s5); }
.rc-theme .obj_announcement_summary h2,
.rc-theme .obj_announcement_summary h3 { font-size: 20px; margin-top: 0; }
.rc-theme .obj_announcement_summary .date { font-family: var(--rc-mono); font-size: 13px; color: var(--rc-muted); }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- editorial board */
.rc-board-page > h1 { margin-bottom: var(--rc-s4); }

/* no-JS: the Masthead rich text, typeset */
.rc-board__source { max-width: var(--rc-text); }
.rc-board__source p { margin: 0 0 4px; color: #2A303A; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; }
.rc-board__source p > strong:first-child,
.rc-board__source .name strong {
	font-family: var(--rc-serif);
	font-weight: 600;
	font-size: 18px;
	color: var(--rc-ink);
	display: inline-block;
	margin-top: var(--rc-s3);
}
.rc-board__source > p:first-child {
	background: var(--rc-tint);
	border-left: 4px solid var(--rc-primary);
	padding: var(--rc-s3);
	margin-bottom: var(--rc-s3);
}
.rc-board__source > p:first-child > strong:first-child { margin-top: 0; font-size: 22px; }
.rc-board__source .message-action-buttons,
.rc-board__source .embedded-thumb,
.rc-board__source .bottom-marker { display: none; }

/* enhanced view */
.rc-chief {
	display: grid;
	grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
	gap: var(--rc-s3);
	align-items: start;
	background: var(--rc-tint);
	border-left: 4px solid var(--rc-primary);
	border-radius: 0 var(--rc-radius) var(--rc-radius) 0;
	padding: var(--rc-s4) var(--rc-s3);
	margin: 0 0 var(--rc-s6);
}

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-chief__role {
	font-family: var(--rc-sans);
	font-size: 13px;
	font-weight: 600;
	text-transform: uppercase;
	letter-spacing: .06em;
	color: var(--rc-primary);
	margin: 0 0 4px;
}

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-chief__name {
	font-family: var(--rc-serif);
	font-size: 28px;
	line-height: 1.2;
	font-weight: 700;
	margin: 0;
}

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-chief__aff { margin: var(--rc-s1) 0 0; color: var(--rc-muted); }
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-chief__email { margin: 12px 0 0; font-family: var(--rc-mono); font-size: 14px; }
.rc-chief__label { color: var(--rc-muted); }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
	.rc-chief { padding: var(--rc-s5) var(--rc-s4); gap: var(--rc-s4); }
	.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-chief__name { font-size: 36px; }
}

.rc-mono {
	width: 48px;
	height: 48px;
	border-radius: 50%;
	background: var(--rc-tint);
	color: var(--rc-dark);
	border: 1px solid rgba(20, 24, 31, 0.08);
	font-family: var(--rc-sans);
	font-weight: 600;
	font-size: 16px;
	letter-spacing: .02em;
	display: flex;
	align-items: center;
	justify-content: center;
	flex: 0 0 auto;
	user-select: none;
}

.rc-mono--lg { width: 72px; height: 72px; font-size: 24px; background: var(--rc-primary); color: #fff; border: 0; }
.rc-mono--sm { width: 32px; height: 32px; font-size: 12px; }

.rc-board__head {
	display: flex;
	flex-wrap: wrap;
	align-items: baseline;
	justify-content: space-between;
	gap: var(--rc-s1) var(--rc-s3);
	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rc-ink);
	padding-bottom: var(--rc-s1);
	margin-bottom: var(--rc-s3);
}

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-board__title { margin: 0; }

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-board__summary {
	margin: 0;
	font-family: var(--rc-mono);
	font-size: 14px;
	color: var(--rc-muted);
}

.rc-board__summary strong { color: var(--rc-ink); font-weight: 500; }

.rc-board__controls { display: grid; gap: var(--rc-s2); margin-bottom: var(--rc-s4); }

.rc-board__search { display: grid; gap: 6px; max-width: 420px; }
.rc-board__search label { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 500; color: var(--rc-ink); }
.rc-board__search .rc-input { width: 100%; }

.rc-chips { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }

.rc-chip {
	display: inline-flex;
	align-items: center;
	gap: 8px;
	min-height: 36px;
	padding: 6px 12px;
	border: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
	border-radius: 999px;
	background: var(--rc-card);
	color: var(--rc-ink);
	font: 500 14px/1.2 var(--rc-sans);
	cursor: pointer;
}

.rc-chip:hover { border-color: var(--rc-primary); }
.rc-chip__n { font-family: var(--rc-mono); font-size: 12px; color: var(--rc-muted); }
.rc-chip[aria-pressed="true"] { background: var(--rc-primary); border-color: var(--rc-primary); color: #fff; }
.rc-chip[aria-pressed="true"] .rc-chip__n { color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85); }

/* E1 cards */
.rc-cards {
	list-style: none;
	margin: 0 !important;
	padding: 0;
	display: grid;
	grid-template-columns: 1fr;
	gap: var(--rc-s3);
}

.rc-card {
	display: grid;
	grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
	gap: var(--rc-s2);
	align-items: start;
	background: var(--rc-card);
	border: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
	border-radius: var(--rc-radius);
	padding: var(--rc-s3);
}

.rc-card__body { min-width: 0; }

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-card__name {
	font-family: var(--rc-serif);
	font-size: 18px;
	line-height: 1.3;
	font-weight: 600;
	margin: 0;
	overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-card__aff { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.55; color: var(--rc-muted); margin: 6px 0 0; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-card__country { font-family: var(--rc-mono); font-size: 12px; color: var(--rc-dark); margin: 12px 0 0; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
	.rc-cards { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
	.rc-cards { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; }
	.pkp_structure_main:not(:first-child:last-child) .rc-cards { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
}

/* E2 directory */
.rc-group + .rc-group { margin-top: var(--rc-s5); }

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-group__title {
	font-family: var(--rc-serif);
	font-size: 22px;
	margin: 0 0 var(--rc-s1);
	display: flex;
	align-items: baseline;
	gap: 12px;
}

.rc-group__n { font-family: var(--rc-mono); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 400; color: var(--rc-muted); }

.rc-rows { list-style: none; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rc-ink); }

.rc-row {
	display: grid;
	grid-template-columns: 32px 1fr;
	gap: 4px var(--rc-s2);
	padding: 14px 0;
	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
	align-items: start;
}

.rc-row .rc-mono--sm { grid-row: span 2; }

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-row__name {
	font-family: var(--rc-serif);
	font-size: 17px;
	font-weight: 600;
	line-height: 1.35;
	margin: 0;
}

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-row__aff { margin: 0; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--rc-muted); }

@media (min-width: 992px) {
	.rc-row { grid-template-columns: 32px minmax(200px, 300px) 1fr; gap: var(--rc-s3); align-items: baseline; }
	.rc-row .rc-mono--sm { grid-row: auto; align-self: center; }
}

.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-board__empty { color: var(--rc-muted); font-style: normal; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- footer */
.rc-footer.pkp_structure_footer_wrapper { background: var(--rc-dark); color: #fff; }

.rc-footer__inner.pkp_structure_footer {
	display: grid;
	gap: var(--rc-s4);
	padding-top: var(--rc-s6);
	padding-bottom: var(--rc-s4);
}

.rc-footer__brand { display: flex; gap: var(--rc-s2); align-items: flex-start; }
.rc-footer__seal { width: 40px; height: 40px; flex: 0 0 auto; }
.rc-footer__name { font-family: var(--rc-serif); font-weight: 600; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0; max-width: 36ch; }
.rc-footer__meta { font-family: var(--rc-mono); font-size: 13px; margin: 4px 0 0; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82); }

.rc-footer__nav ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px var(--rc-s3); }
.rc-footer__nav a,
.rc-footer a { color: #fff; text-decoration-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5); }
.rc-footer__nav a { font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; padding: 4px 0; display: inline-block; }
.rc-footer__nav a:hover,
.rc-footer a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: #fff; }

.rc-footer .pkp_footer_content { padding: 0; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88); font-size: 14px; }

.rc-footer__platform.pkp_brand_footer {
	padding: var(--rc-s3) 0 0;
	border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
	font-size: 13px;
}

.rc-footer__platform a { float: none; max-width: none; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82); }

@media (min-width: 992px) {
	.rc-footer__inner.pkp_structure_footer { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto; align-items: start; }
	.rc-footer__nav { justify-self: end; }
	.rc-footer .pkp_footer_content,
	.rc-footer__platform { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- misc */
.rc-theme .cmp_notification { border-left: 4px solid var(--rc-primary); background: var(--rc-tint); border-radius: 0; }
.rc-theme .cmp_edit_link { font-size: 14px; }
.rc-theme table { border-collapse: collapse; }
.rc-theme hr { border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rc-line); }

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
	.rc-btn,
	.rc-chip { transition: none; }
}

@media print {
	.rc-hero,
	.pkp_structure_head,
	.rc-footer,
	.rc-board__controls { display: none !important; }
	body.rc-theme { background: #fff; }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- parent resets (summary / toc / footer) */
.rc-theme .obj_article_summary .pages { position: static; line-height: inherit; color: var(--rc-muted); }
.rc-theme .obj_article_summary .meta { padding-top: 0; }
.rc-theme .obj_article_summary .galleys_links { margin-top: 0; }
.rc-theme .obj_article_summary .galleys_links li { margin-inline-end: 0; }
@media (min-width: 768px) { .rc-theme .obj_article_summary .authors { padding-right: 0; } }
.rc-theme .cmp_article_list > li { margin-bottom: 0; }
.rc-theme .pkp_page_index .current_issue .read_more { padding-right: 0; line-height: inherit; color: var(--rc-primary); font-size: 15px; }
.rc-theme .pkp_page_index .current_issue .read_more:after { content: none; display: none; }
.rc-footer, .rc-footer .pkp_structure_footer { text-align: left; }
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .galleys,
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .section { margin: var(--rc-s4) 0 0; padding: 0; }
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .sections:not(:first-child) { margin-top: var(--rc-s4); }
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .galleys > h2,
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .section > h2,
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .galleys > h3,
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .section > h3 { display: block; left: auto; position: static; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- fixes after 375px review */
.rc-theme .pkp_site_nav_toggle { position: relative; }
.rc-theme.pkp_page_index .current_issue .read_more { padding-right: 0; line-height: inherit; color: var(--rc-primary); font-size: 15px; }
.rc-theme.pkp_page_index .current_issue .read_more:after { content: none; display: none; }
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-chief__email a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.rc-chief__body { min-width: 0; }
@media (max-width: 599px) {
	.rc-chief { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
	.rc-mono--lg { width: 56px; height: 56px; font-size: 20px; }
	.rc-article .page_title { font-size: 24px; }
}

/* parent overrides: site index journal list */
.rc-theme .journals > ul.rc-journal-list > li.rc-journal {
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
	border: 1px solid var(--rc-line);
	border-top: 4px solid var(--rc-primary);
}
.rc-theme .journals > ul.rc-journal-list > li.rc-journal:before,
.rc-theme .journals > ul.rc-journal-list > li.rc-journal:after { content: none; display: none; }
.rc-theme .journals .rc-journal__media img { max-height: none; }

/* parent overrides: article page */
.rc-theme .obj_article_details.rc-article .row { border: 0; margin: 0; }
.rc-theme .obj_article_details.rc-article .main_entry { border: 0; float: none; width: auto; }
.rc-theme .obj_article_details.rc-article .entry_details { margin: var(--rc-s4) 0 0; border: 1px solid var(--rc-line); }
.rc-theme .obj_article_details.rc-article .entry_details .item { margin-right: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; }
.rc-theme .obj_article_details.rc-article .main_entry .item .label { font-size: 13px; margin: 0 0 var(--rc-s1); }
.rc-theme .obj_article_details.rc-article .main_entry .item.keywords .label { display: block; }
@media (min-width: 992px) {
	.rc-theme .obj_article_details.rc-article .row { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, var(--rc-text)) 300px; justify-content: space-between; }
	.rc-theme .obj_article_details.rc-article .entry_details { margin: 0; }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- review round 2 */
/* brand: acronym on small screens, full name stays available to screen readers */
.rc-brand__name--short { display: none; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: .02em; }
@media (max-width: 767px) {
	.rc-brand__name--short { display: block; }
	.rc-brand__name--full {
		position: absolute !important;
		width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden;
		clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); white-space: nowrap;
	}
}

/* article title */
.rc-theme .obj_article_details.rc-article .page_title,
.pkp_page_article .page_title {
	font-size: clamp(24px, 3.2vw, 32px);
	font-weight: 600;
	line-height: 1.22;
}

/* titles typed in capitals (class set by js/rc.js) */
.rc-allcaps { letter-spacing: .015em; }
.rc-theme .obj_article_summary > .title a.rc-allcaps { font-size: .9em; line-height: 1.4; }
.rc-theme .page_title.rc-allcaps { font-size: clamp(21px, 2.7vw, 28px); line-height: 1.28; }

/* touch targets 44px */
.rc-chip { min-height: 44px; padding: 8px 14px; }
.rc-theme .obj_galley_link { min-height: 44px; padding: 8px 16px; }
.rc-footer__nav a { min-height: 44px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; }
.rc-footer__platform a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; }
.rc-theme .read_more.rc-more,
.rc-theme.pkp_page_index .current_issue .read_more { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; }
.rc-hero__credit a { display: inline-block; padding: 12px 0; }
.rc-hero__credit { bottom: 0; }

/* country chips: one scrollable row on small screens */
@media (max-width: 640px) {
	.rc-chips {
		flex-wrap: nowrap;
		overflow-x: auto;
		scroll-snap-type: x proximity;
		-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
		scrollbar-width: none;
		margin-right: calc(-1 * var(--rc-gutter));
		padding: 2px var(--rc-gutter) 2px 2px;
		-webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, #000 calc(100% - 40px), transparent);
		mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, #000 calc(100% - 40px), transparent);
	}
	.rc-chips::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
	.rc-chip { flex: 0 0 auto; scroll-snap-align: start; white-space: nowrap; }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   1.1 : illustrations (engraving-style line art) and motion
   ========================================================================== */
.rc-ill-fig { margin: 0; }
.rc-ill { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; overflow: visible; }
.rc-ill .p { stroke: var(--rc-primary); }
.rc-ill .n { stroke: #8A919C; }
.rc-ill path,
.rc-ill circle,
.rc-ill ellipse {
	fill: none;
	stroke-width: 1.5;
	stroke-linecap: round;
	stroke-linejoin: round;
	vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;
}

/* page illustration (About, Submissions, Archives, error): beside the title */
/* small screens: no page illustration, the title comes first */
.rc-ill-fig--page { display: none; }
@media (min-width: 768px) {
	.rc-ill-fig--page { display: block; float: right; width: 220px; margin: 0 0 var(--rc-s3) var(--rc-s5); }
}
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
	.rc-ill-fig--page { width: 260px; }
}

/* empty states */
.rc-empty {
	display: grid;
	justify-items: center;
	gap: var(--rc-s2);
	padding: var(--rc-s5) var(--rc-s3);
	border: 1px dashed var(--rc-line);
	border-radius: var(--rc-radius);
	background: var(--rc-card);
	text-align: center;
}
.rc-ill-fig--empty { width: 200px; }
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main .rc-empty__text { margin: 0; color: var(--rc-muted); max-width: 46ch; }

/* section divider: small illustration between two hairlines */
.rc-divider {
	display: grid;
	grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
	align-items: center;
	gap: var(--rc-s3);
	margin: var(--rc-s6) 0;
}
.rc-divider:before,
.rc-divider:after { content: ""; border-top: 1px solid var(--rc-line); }
.rc-ill-fig--divider { width: 120px; }

/* hover: border colour always, lift only when motion is welcome */
.rc-card,
.rc-journal { transition: border-color .2s ease; }
.rc-card:hover { border-color: var(--rc-primary); }
.rc-theme .journals > ul.rc-journal-list > li.rc-journal:hover { border-color: var(--rc-primary); }
.rc-theme .cmp_article_list > li { transition: border-color .2s ease; }
.rc-theme .cmp_article_list > li:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--rc-primary); }

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
	/* scroll reveal: only below-the-fold elements get .rc-reveal (js/rc.js) */
	.rc-motion .rc-reveal {
		transition: opacity .3s ease-out, transform .3s ease-out;
		transition-delay: var(--rc-delay, 0ms);
	}
	.rc-motion .rc-reveal:not(.is-in) { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(8px); }
	/* failsafe: if the observer never starts, show everything */
	html.rc-motion:not(.rc-io) .rc-reveal:not(.is-in) { animation: rc-failsafe 0s linear 2s forwards; }

	/* hero photo: slow push-in */
	.rc-motion .rc-hero__img { animation: rc-zoom 12s ease-out forwards; transform-origin: 50% 50%; }

	/* line drawing (dash values set by js/rc.js) */
	.rc-ill.is-drawing path,
	.rc-ill.is-drawing circle,
	.rc-ill.is-drawing ellipse { transition: stroke-dashoffset 1.2s ease-out; }

	/* lift on hover */
	.rc-card,
	.rc-theme .journals > ul.rc-journal-list > li.rc-journal { transition: border-color .2s ease, transform .2s ease, opacity .3s ease-out; }
	.rc-card:hover,
	.rc-theme .journals > ul.rc-journal-list > li.rc-journal:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); }
	.rc-theme .obj_article_summary { transition: transform .2s ease; }
	.rc-theme .cmp_article_list > li:hover .obj_article_summary { transform: translateY(-2px); }

	/* E2 / E1 filter: re-rendered items fade in */
	.rc-motion .rc-enter { animation: rc-enter .2s ease-out both; animation-delay: var(--rc-delay, 0ms); }
	.rc-chip { transition: background-color .15s ease, border-color .15s ease, color .15s ease; }
}

@keyframes rc-failsafe { to { opacity: 1; transform: none; } }
@keyframes rc-zoom { from { transform: scale(1); } to { transform: scale(1.04); } }
@keyframes rc-enter { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(4px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: none; } }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1.1 live fixes */
/* uploaded logo with seal fallback (theme option logoSource = uploaded) */
.rc-brand__fallback { display: none; }
.rc-logo-failed .rc-brand__logo { display: none; }
.rc-logo-failed .rc-brand__fallback { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }
.rc-theme .pkp_site_name .rc-brand--uploaded img.rc-brand__logo { max-height: 56px; width: auto; }

/* archive and issue summaries: issue descriptions repeat the journal blurb */
.rc-theme .obj_issue_summary .description {
	display: -webkit-box;
	-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
	-webkit-line-clamp: 2;
	line-clamp: 2;
	overflow: hidden;
	max-width: var(--rc-text);
	color: var(--rc-muted);
	font-size: 15px;
}
.rc-theme .obj_issue_summary .description > * { margin: 0; display: inline; }

/* journal home: first block after the hero starts close to it */
.rc-theme .page_index_journal > :first-child,
.rc-theme .page_index_journal > a:first-child + *,
.rc-theme .page_index_journal .homepage_about:first-of-type > h2,
.rc-theme .page_index_journal > .rc-section:first-of-type .rc-section__head h2 { margin-top: 0; }
.rc-theme .page_index_journal .homepage_about h2 { margin-top: 0; }
@media (max-width: 767px) {
	.rc-is-home .pkp_structure_content { padding-top: var(--rc-s5); }
	.rc-theme .page_index_journal .homepage_about { margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
}
.rc-theme.pkp_page_index .homepage_about { padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
.rc-theme.pkp_page_index .homepage_about h2 { margin-top: 0; }
.rc-theme.pkp_page_index .additional_content { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; padding: var(--rc-s4) 0 0; }
.rc-theme.pkp_page_index .page_index_journal > .additional_content:first-child { padding-top: 0; border-top: 0; }

/* 1.1.2: no section divider art on small screens */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
	.rc-divider { display: none; }
}

/* 1.1.3: legacy hand-written hero blocks pasted into "Additional Content"
   reuse .rc-hero* class names and render broken under this theme.
   The theme already draws the hero, so the pasted copy is not shown.
   The setting itself is left untouched. */
.rc-theme .additional_content .rc-hero,
.rc-theme .additional_content [class^="rc-hero-"] { display: none; }
.rc-theme.pkp_page_index .additional_content:has(> .rc-hero:only-child) { display: none; }

/* 1.1.3: justified running text across the site (owner decision 2026-10-08).
   Headings, navigation, buttons and metadata keep their own alignment. */
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main p,
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main dd,
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main blockquote,
.rc-theme .rc-prose li,
.rc-theme .item.abstract,
.rc-theme .obj_issue_toc .description,
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_footer p,
.rc-theme .rc-footer p {
	text-align: justify;
	text-justify: inter-word;
	-webkit-hyphens: auto;
	hyphens: auto;
}
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main :is(h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6),
.rc-theme .pkp_structure_main :is(.cmp_button, .obj_galley_link, .rc-btn, .rc-chip, .pkp_breadcrumbs, .meta, .rc-mono-text) {
	text-align: left;
}
/* Short labels stay left: justify would open wide gaps on one-to-three-line items. */
.rc-theme .rc-footer__name,
.rc-theme .rc-row__aff,
.rc-theme .rc-chief__role,
.rc-theme .rc-chief__email,
.rc-theme .rc-board__summary { text-align: left; -webkit-hyphens: manual; hyphens: manual; }