International Bulletin of Medical Sciences and Clinical Research
International Bulletin of Medical Sciences and Clinical Research (ISSN-2750-3399) is an open access international peer reviewed german journal. IBMSCR publishes research monthly frequency basis. we explore your research worldwide by international Database indexings. we provide all articles crossref metadata link, google scholar, microsoft academic, Metadata Indexing and much more worldwide international indexings. Administer With Case Save Time With Automation 5000 Online Courses
INSON ORGANIZMIGA ZARAR KELTIRUVCHI PARAZITLAR, GELMINTLAR VA ULARNING TURLARI
Odam organizmida uchraydigan parazitlar keng tarqalgan bo'lib, jiddiy sog'liq muammolarini keltirib chiqarishi mumkin. Ushbu maqolada inson tanasida eng ko'p uchraydigan parazit turlari, ularning hayot sikllari va patogen ta'sirlari ko'rib chiqiladi. Asosan, protozoa va gelmintlar kabi parazitlar, ularning diagnostikasi va davolash usullari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot inson salomatligini himoya qilishda parazitar kasalliklarning oldini olish va ularga qarshi kurashishning muhimligini ta'kidlaydi.
Parazitlar, Gelmintlar, Protozoa, Odam Salomatligi, Parazitar Kasalliklar, Diagnostika, Davolash, Oldini Olish
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EARLY DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF MENSTRUAL AND OVARIAN DYSFUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH THYROID DISORDERS IN REPRODUCTIVE-AGED WOMEN
Thyroid disorders are among the most prevalent endocrine conditions affecting women of reproductive age and are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to menstrual and ovarian dysfunction. Despite this, thyroid-related reproductive abnormalities remain underdiagnosed in gynecologic practice. Objective: This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, early detection strategies, and management of menstrual and ovarian dysfunction associated with thyroid disorders in reproductive-aged women. Methods: A comprehensive narrative review was conducted using Scopus-indexed literature, including observational studies, clinical reviews, and international guidelines. Relevant studies examining the association between thyroid dysfunction and menstrual abnormalities, ovulatory disorders, ovarian reserve, and fertility outcomes were critically analyzed. Results: Thyroid dysfunction, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism, is highly prevalent among women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding, with reported rates ranging from 20% to 44%. Menstrual irregularities may precede overt thyroid disease, highlighting their role as early clinical indicators. Thyroid dysfunction disrupts the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, contributing to anovulation, altered ovarian reserve, and infertility.
thyroid dysfunction, menstrual disorders, abnormal uterine bleeding, ovarian dysfunction, ovulatory disorders, female infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome, thyroid autoimmunity.
“OVULYATOR DISFUNKSIYA BILAN BOG‘LIQ AYOLLAR BEPUSHTLIGINI DAVOLASHDA ANTIOKSIDANT TERAPIYANING AHAMIYATI”.
Ovulyator buzilishlar ayollarda bepushtlikning yetakchi sabablaridan biri hisoblanadi. So‘nggi yillarda tuxumdon faoliyatida oksidativ stressning ahamiyati tobora ortib bormoqda va antioksidant terapiya ovulyatsiya jarayonini yaxshilashda istiqbolli yondashuv sifatida qaralmoqda. Ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi ovulyator buzilishi bilan kechuvchi bepusht ayollarda antioksidant terapiyaning klinik samaradorligini baholashdan iborat. Tadqiqot retrospektiv kuzatuvli dizaynda o‘tkazilib, 20 nafar ovulyator disfunktsiyali bepusht ayollarning tibbiy hujjatlari tahlil qilindi. Ovulyatsiya holati, dominant follikula shakllanishi va hayz siklining normallashuvi terapiyagacha va terapiyadan so‘ng solishtirildi. Statistik tahlilda Student t-testi va χ² testi qo‘llanildi. Antioksidant terapiya fonida ovulyatsiya aniqlanishi 24,4 foizdan 60,0 foizgacha oshgani statistik jihatdan ahamiyatli bo‘ldi (p < 0,05). Olingan natijalar antioksidant terapiya ovulyator disfunktsiyali bepusht ayollarda ovulyatsiya jarayonini yaxshilashda samarali yordamchi usul bo‘lishi mumkinligini ko‘rsatadi.
bepushtlik, ovulyator buzilish, ovulyatsiya, antioksidant terapiya, oksidativ stress.
SPREAD OF ALLERGIC DISEASES AMONG CHILDREN IN ANDIJAN REGION
The article studied the features of the prevalence of allergic diseases (AD) in children, taking into account the geo-ecological state of the natural environment of the regions of Andijan region. The ranking of the territories of the region according to the incidence of AD was carried out. High morbidity within the region at the same time as BA, AR and AtD is noted in the Asaka district.
allergic diseases, environmental factors, children.
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF CUTANEOUS PSEUDOLYMPHOMAS
Cutaneous pseudolymphomas represent a heterogeneous group of reactive lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the skin resulting from prolonged antigenic stimulation. Despite their benign nature, pseudolymphomas demonstrate significant clinical and histopathological similarities with primary cutaneous lymphomas, which complicates the diagnostic process. In recent years, interest in this problem has increased due to the growing incidence of lymphoproliferative skin diseases and the need for accurate differential diagnosis between reactive and neoplastic processes. This article reviews modern diagnostic approaches to cutaneous pseudolymphomas, including clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular-genetic methods.
cutaneous pseudolymphoma, cutaneous lymphoma, immunohistochemistry, molecular diagnostics, lymphoproliferative disorders.
ДЕЙСТВИЕ НА КОЖУ ПРИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ ПЕЧЕНИ
В этой статье, когда количество билирубина в печени увеличивается, он высвобождается в организм человека и распространяется с кровью. Распространившись в организм человека по кровеносным сосудам, он попадает под кожу и начинает щекотать нервные окончания, причем первым симптомом у человека является кожный зуд. Позже появляются признаки пожелтения кожи человека, увеличивается количество билирубина в моче, желтеют глаза.
Печень, билирубин, кожа, звездчатые невусы, гепаторенальный синдром, дерматологические, патофизиологические, обменные, иммуносупрессивные
GUT MICROBIOTA AS A REGULATOR OF PHYSIOLOGICAL HOMEOSTASIS: MECHANISMS AND SYSTEMIC INTERACTIONS
This work is devoted to the study of the important role of gut microbiota in the regulation of physiological homeostasis. The community of microorganisms inhabiting the human intestine actively participates in maintaining metabolic balance, regulating immune system activity, and influencing neuroendocrine processes. The study analyzes the mechanisms by which microbiota affects the host organism, including the production of metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, modulation of the immune response, and interactions through the gut–brain axis.
gut microbiota, physiological homeostasis, dysbiosis, metabolic balance, immune system, short-chain fatty acids, gut–brain axis, microorganisms, neuroendocrine system, systemic interactions, inflammatory processes, metabolic diseases, microbiota modulation, health and disease.
PATHOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES AND THE STUDY OF THEIR PREVALENT COMPLICATIONS
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a condition that occurs more frequently than commonly perceived. Due to its complex clinical manifestations and long-term sequelae, it serves as a primary factor leading to widespread disability.[1;1] While the fields of neuropathology and psychiatry focus on the treatment and prevention of post-traumatic changes, the fundamental task of pathophysiology is to investigate the mechanisms of destructive and disintegrative disturbances following brain injury, identify previously unexplored aspects, and propose novel therapeutic solutions.[2;445]
Mitochondrial dysfunction, energy deficit, headache, dizziness, early and late complications of traumatic brain injury.
THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE.
The article provides an overview of the historical development of forensic medicine — from its origins in ancient civilizations to its current state as a high-tech scientific discipline. It outlines the key stages in the evolution of forensic medicine: in antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the 18th–19th centuries, during the scientific and technological progress of the 20th century, and in the modern era. Special attention is given to the formation of institutional structures, the implementation of molecular and imaging technologies, digitalization, the advancement of forensic genetics, and the adoption of international standards. The role of forensic medicine in the justice system is emphasized, along with prospects for its future development. The work is based on annotated international literature and reflects the interdisciplinary nature of this field.
forensic Medicine, history, forensic expertise, toxicology, forensic genetics, virtual autopsy, digitization, molecular methods, law and medicine, forensic Pathology
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SLEEP QUALITY AND MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITIES IN WOMEN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Sleep plays an important role in overall health and may influence women’s reproductive and menstrual health. This systematic review aimed to examine the association between sleep disorders and menstrual or gynecological outcomes. Relevant studies published between 2018 and 2025 were identified through searches of electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies investigating the relationship between sleep quality, sleep disturbances, insomnia, and menstrual outcomes such as menstrual irregularity and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) were included. The findings from the included studies consistently indicated that poor sleep quality and short sleep duration are associated with increased risk of menstrual irregularities and greater severity of PMS symptoms. Overall, the evidence suggests a significant relationship between sleep disturbances and menstrual health, highlighting the importance of sleep as a modifiable factor in women’s reproductive health.
Sleep disorders, Sleep quality, Menstrual cycle, Menstrual irregularity, Premenstrual syndrome, Women’s health.
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms. This topic covers the structure of the main parts of the cell - namely the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus - and their respective functions. Additionally, the functions of intracellular organelles such as mitochondria, ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus are explained. The cell plays a vital role in sustaining the life of an organism, as it is where processes like metabolism, energy production, protein synthesis, and the storage of hereditary information take place.
Cell, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles, mitochondria, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, vacuole, DNA, RNA, protein synthesis, metabolism, energy, biological system.
PECULIARITIES OF BUILDING ROOF LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN UZBEKISTAN'S CONDITIONS (ZARAFSHAN CITY CASE STUDY)
This article analyzes the architectural and design characteristics of rooftop landscape planning within the arid climate of Uzbekistan, specifically focusing on the city of Zarafshan. It explores the optimization of green roofs under conditions of high solar radiation, extreme heat, and water scarcity. Through a comparative analysis of several sites, the study examines structural systems, vegetation cover, and water management strategies. The findings demonstrate that locally adapted green roofs enhance the thermal efficiency of buildings, create additional functional spaces, and improve the overall ecological environment. Furthermore, the study proposes a design model that harmoniously integrates these modern solutions with traditional architectural principles.
Green roof, extensive landscaping, intensive roof garden, arid climate architecture, sustainable design, roof gardens, thermal insulation, ecological construction.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A MARKETING TOOL IN DENTISTRY
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is opening up new opportunities for dental marketing. This literature review analyzes relevant publications on the use of AI in the promotion of dental clinics and services. Key areas of application are examined: personalization of the patient experience, chatbots and automated communication, online reputation management, and targeted advertising based on machine learning algorithms. The review covers publications from 2015–2025. It has been established that integrating AI into dental clinic marketing strategies can significantly increase patient retention, improve patient engagement, and optimize operational costs for promotion. However, a number of unresolved issues are identified: ethical issues of data processing, insufficient digital literacy among medical personnel, and a limited evidence base in the dental context.
artificial intelligence, dental marketing, digital marketing, machine learning, personalization, chatbots, patient experience.
«THE ROLE OF THE NASOPHARYNGEAL MICROBIOTA IN THE PREDISPOSITION TO CHRONIC SINUSITIS»
The nasopharyngeal microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining upper respiratory tract health by protecting the mucosa from pathogenic microorganisms and regulating local immune responses. Dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance between beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms, increases susceptibility to chronic sinusitis by promoting inflammation and recurrent disease. Modern molecular techniques, including 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metabolomic analyses, enable comprehensive characterization of microbial communities, identification of dysbiosis, and prediction of disease risk. Understanding the composition and function of the nasopharyngeal microbiota offers opportunities for early diagnosis, personalized preventive strategies, and potential prognostic markers in chronic sinusitis. Systematic investigation of these microbial communities represents a promising direction for improving the prevention and management of chronic ENT disorders.
Nasopharyngeal microbiota; Dysbiosis; Chronic sinusitis; 16S rRNA sequencing; Metagenomics; Immune regulation; Probiotics; ENT disorders.
MODERN METHODS FOR TREATING POLYPOUS RHINOSINUSITIS
Polyposis rhinosinusitis (PRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa lasting more than 12 weeks, characterized by the formation of nasal polyps. A type 2 (Th2) immune response, eosinophilic infiltration, and cytokine imbalance play a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease. PRS is often accompanied by bronchial asthma and aspirin intolerance. Modern treatment includes intranasal corticosteroids, short-term systemic steroids, biologic therapy, and functional endoscopic sinus surgery. An individualized approach and long-term monitoring are the main conditions for effective control.
polyposis rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, chronic inflammation, eosinophilia, biologic therapy.
ПРОГНОСТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ГЕМОСТАЗА У ЖЕНЩИН ПОСЛЕ СТРУМЭКТОМИИ
Струмэктомия относится к числу распространенных хирургических вмешательств при заболеваниях щитовидной железы и, как любая операция, сопровождается изменениями в системе гемостаза. У женщин в послеоперационном периоде колебания коагуляционных показателей могут иметь важное прогностическое значение, отражая риск тромботических и геморрагических осложнений, а также особенности адаптационно-компенсаторных реакций организма. В работе рассматривается прогностическая роль основных показателей гемостаза у женщин после струмэктомии. Анализируются изменения коагуляционного звена гемостаза, включая показатели свертывающей системы крови, фибринолитической активности и тромбоцитарного звена. Особое внимание уделено выявлению лабораторных маркеров, позволяющих прогнозировать течение послеоперационного периода и своевременно проводить профилактику возможных осложнений. Полученные данные подчеркивают необходимость комплексной оценки гемостазиологических параметров у женщин после струмэктомии для повышения эффективности послеоперационного наблюдения и улучшения исходов лечения.
струмэктомия, гемостаз, коагуляционная система крови, послеоперационный период, женщины, прогноз, тромботические осложнения, геморрагические осложнения, гемостазиологические показатели, щитовидная железа
QANDLI DIABET BILAN OG‘RIGAN BEMORLARDA OG‘IZ BO‘SHLIG‘I SHILLIQ QAVATI KASALLIKLARINI KLINIK-LABORATOR TEKSHIRISH VA TASHXISLASH
Qandli diabet bilan og‘rigan bemorlarda og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i shilliq qavati kasalliklari keng tarqalgan bo‘lib, ular organizmdagi metabolik buzilishlar, mikrotsirkulyatsiya o‘zgarishlari, immun himoyaning pasayishi hamda infeksion omillarning faollashuvi bilan chambarchas bog‘liq. Mazkur mavzu qandli diabet fonida og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i shilliq qavatida uchraydigan patologik o‘zgarishlarni klinik va laborator jihatdan o‘rganish, ularni erta aniqlash hamda to‘g‘ri tashxislash masalalariga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqot davomida bemorlarda og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i shilliq qavatining holati, yallig‘lanish belgilarining darajasi, subyektiv shikoyatlar, glyukoza ko‘rsatkichlari, mikrobiologik va umumiy laborator tahlillar baholandi. Shuningdek, diabetning davomiyligi, og‘irlik darajasi va kompensatsiya holatining og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i kasalliklari rivojlanishiga ta’siri tahlil qilindi. Olingan natijalar qandli diabetli bemorlarda og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i shilliq qavati kasalliklarini erta tashxislash, ularni differensial baholash va samarali davolash-profilaktika choralarini ishlab chiqishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.
qandli diabet, og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i, shilliq qavat kasalliklari, klinik tekshiruv, laborator tekshiruv, tashxislash, stomatit, kandidoz, yallig‘lanish, differensial tashxis.
IMPROVING THE EFFICACY OF TREATING CHRONIC PURULENT MESOTYMPANITIS IN CHILDREN
Chronic suppurative mesotympanitis in children is one of the most common diseases in otorhinolaryngology, characterized by prolonged inflammation of the middle ear mucosa and purulent discharge. This study examines modern diagnostic and treatment methods aimed at improving the efficacy of treating chronic suppurative mesotympanitis in children.
Chronic suppurative mesotympanitis, pediatric otorhinolaryngology, middle ear inflammation, antibacterial therapy, physiotherapy, hearing impairment, comprehensive treatment, prevention, diagnosis.
ДОКАЗАТЕЛЬНАЯ БАЗА НАНОФОРМ В ДЕРМАТОЛОГИИ (2016–2025): ПРЕОБЛАДАНИЕ ДОКЛИНИКИ И «ТРАНСЛЯЦИОННЫЕ РАЗРЫВЫ»
Публикации 2016–2025 гг. демонстрируют рост числа работ по топическим наноформам при воспалительных дерматозах, акне и раневых состояниях, однако структура доказательств неоднородна. В обзоре показано, что доклинические исследования доминируют для большинства инновационных систем, тогда как клинически более «закреплёнными» остаются серебросодержащие раневые материалы и отдельные технологически простые топические формы. Рассмотрены типовые модели (ячейки Франца, tape stripping, конфокальная микроскопия; мышиные модели псориаз‑подобного воспаления и атопического дерматита; модели инфицированных ран/биоплёнок) и их ограничения. Подчёркнута необходимость сопоставимых сравнений со стандартными формами и унификации критериев эффективности.
доказательная база; доклинические модели; клиническая трансляция; ячейки Франца; tape stripping; раневые покрытия.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN MILITARY PERSONNEL.
The relevance of studying the course of metabolic syndrome among military personnel and modern approaches to its treatment and prevention is determined by several important factors. Firstly, modern military service is characterized by high physical and mental stress. Factors such as prolonged stress, service under uncertainty, and repeated training without full recovery negatively impact metabolic processes in the body.
Physical and mental processes, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, overweight, high physical activity, stress, eating disorders, lack of sleep and extreme environmental conditions.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FORMATION OF READING LITERACY AMONG LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Reading literacy is a core educational competence that underpins academic achievement, social participation, and lifelong learning. In the context of Uzbekistan, where ongoing educational reforms emphasize competency-based standards and alignment with international assessment frameworks such as PISA, the development of reading literacy at the lower secondary level has become a strategic priority. At this stage, the formation of reading literacy becomes increasingly complex due to significant psychological, cognitive, and motivational changes experienced by students. This article provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the psychological and pedagogical characteristics that shape the development of reading literacy among lower secondary school students in Uzbekistan. Drawing on cognitive-developmental theory, sociocultural perspectives, and contemporary literacy research, the paper examines key psychological factors—including cognitive processing, metacognition, motivation, and socio-emotional development—as well as pedagogical conditions such as instructional design, teacher mediation, learning environments, and assessment practices within the national educational framework.
reading literacy, lower secondary education, psychological characteristics, pedagogical conditions, metacognition, motivation
ХРОНИЧЕСКАЯ ОБСТРУКТИВНАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ ЛЕГКИХ И ЕЕ ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ
Хроническая обструктивная болезнь лёгких (ХОБЛ) относится к ведущим причинам предотвратимой смертности и длительной инвалидизации, а её бремя определяется сочетанием табакокурения, загрязнения воздуха и уязвимостей системы здравоохранения. По данным ВОЗ, ХОБЛ обусловила около 3,5 млн смертей в 2021 году (примерно 5% всех глобальных смертей), причём существенная доля преждевременных летальных исходов приходится на страны с низким и средним уровнем дохода. В статье рассмотрены патофизиологические основания современной терапии, ключевые принципы фенотип- и риск-ориентированного подбора ингаляционных схем, а также доказательная база профилактики обострений как центральной цели лечения. Отдельный акцент сделан на рациональном применении ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов с учётом эозинофильного профиля воспаления и инфекционных рисков, что отражено в актуальных рекомендациях GOLD.
ХОБЛ; бронходилататоры; LABA; LAMA; ингаляционные глюкокортикостероиды; тройная терапия; обострения; эозинофилы; реабилитация; риск пневмонии.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГИСТОГЕНЕЗА И МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА КИСТ ЯИЧНИКОВ У ПОДРОСТКОВ
Особенности гистогенеза кист яичников у подростков представляют значимый интерес для клинической морфологии и детской гинекологии, поскольку формирование данных образований тесно связано с процессами становления гипоталамо-гипофизарно-яичниковой системы. Кисты яичников в подростковом возрасте формируются преимущественно на фоне незрелости эндокринной регуляции овариального цикла, что приводит к нарушению фолликулогенеза и формированию ретенционных полостей. Морфологические исследования показывают, что наиболее распространёнными являются функциональные фолликулярные и лютеиновые кисты, формирующиеся вследствие персистенции фолликулов и дисбаланса гонадотропных гормонов. В структуре гинекологической патологии подростков кисты яичников составляют около 10–18 % случаев и характеризуются определёнными гистологическими особенностями: истончением гранулёзного слоя, нарушением васкуляризации стромы и изменением архитектоники фолликулярного эпителия. Морфологическая диагностика данных образований имеет важное значение для дифференциации функциональных кист и истинных неопластических процессов.
кисты яичников, подростковый возраст, гистогенез, фолликулогенез, морфология яичников, гранулёзные клетки, ретенционные образования, детская гинекология, овариальная патология, гормональная регуляция.
DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF RADIOMICS-BASED ULTRASOUND ANALYSIS IN WOMEN WITH OVULATORY DYSFUNCTION–RELATED ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
Abnormal uterine bleeding associated with ovulatory dysfunction (AUB-O) is a common gynecological condition among women of reproductive age. Radiomics enables quantitative analysis of medical images and allows detection of subtle microstructural tissue characteristics. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of radiomics-based ultrasound analysis for risk stratification of ovarian changes in patients with ovulatory dysfunction–related abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: A prospective study included 23 women aged 18–45 years with clinically confirmed ovulatory dysfunction. All participants underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination. Images were stored in DICOM format and processed for radiomics analysis. Results: The mean age of patients was 29.6±4.8 years, and the mean body mass index was 24.3±2.9 kg/m². Ultrasound examination identified follicular cysts in 11 cases, lutein cysts in 3 cases, persistent follicles in 5 cases, and suspicious ovarian morphology in 4 cases. Conventional ultrasound classified 16 cases as benign and 7 as suspicious, while clinical follow-up confirmed 14 benign and 9 high-risk cases. A total of 132 radiomic features were extracted; after feature selection, 8 key parameters were included in the model. Significant predictors included entropy (p=0.004), GLCM contrast (p=0.008), homogeneity (p=0.012), and shape irregularity index (p=0.015). Radiomics-based analysis demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy compared with conventional ultrasound (p<0.01). Conclusion: Radiomics-based ultrasound analysis improves the diagnostic evaluation of ovarian changes in women with AUB-O and may provide an objective tool for risk stratification and clinical decision-making.
abnormal uterine bleeding; radiomics; ultrasound imaging; ovarian morphology; texture analysis.
A PERSONAL JOURNEY OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: EXPERIENCE, MOTIVATION, AND SOCIAL DISTANCE IN CHINA.
This paper explores second language acquisition through the personal experience of an Uzbek student studying in China. It focuses on the role of motivation and social distance in shaping language learning outcomes within a foreign academic and cultural environment. Drawing on established SLA theories, the study connects intrinsic and extrinsic motivation with real-life observations of interaction between language learners and the target language community. The article also examines how cultural unfamiliarity, linguistic barriers, and social separation influence confidence, communication, and acculturation. By combining reflective journaling with theoretical perspectives from scholars such as Schumann and Lepper, this study highlights the dynamic and non-linear nature of language learning. Although limited by its personal scope, the paper offers valuable insights into the emotional and social dimensions of SLA and suggests directions for future research and exchange program development.
PH O‘ZGARISHI KOMPLEMENT–NEYTROFIL O‘ZARO TA’SIRINI QANDAY QAYTA SOZLAYDI?
Neytrofil granulotsitlar tug‘ma immunitetning asosiy hujayralari bo‘lib, organizmga kirgan patogenlarni yo‘q qilish va yallig‘lanish jarayonlarini boshqarishda markaziy rol o‘ynaydi. Ularning faoliyati mahalliy mikromuhit omillariga, xususan, pH darajasiga juda sezgir. Shu bilan birga, komplement tizimi, ayniqsa anafilatoksin C5a, neytrofillar funksiyasini kuchli modulyatsiya qiluvchi asosiy gumoral vositachidir. So‘nggi o‘n yillikdagi ilmiy tadqiqotlar ushbu ikki muhim tizim – komplement va pH gomeostazi – o‘rtasida murakkab va dinamik o‘zaro bog‘liqlik mavjudligini, ular birgalikda neytrofillarning yallig‘lanish joylaridagi javobini qayta sozlashini (reprogramming) ko‘rsatdi [1, 2]. Ushbu maqola pH o‘zgarishlarining komplement–neytrofil o‘zaro ta’sirini qanday qayta sozlashining molekulyar va funktsional mexanizmlarini tahlil qilishga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, komplement komponenti C5a neytrofillarda hujayra ichidagi pH (pHi) ning oshishiga (alkalinizatsiya) olib keladi.
Komplement tizimi; C5a; neytrofil granulotsitlar; hujayra ichidagi pH (pHi); natriy-vodorod almashinuvchisi (NHE); NETosis; yallig‘lanish; immunometabolizm; sepsis; pH gomeostazi.
O'SMIRLIK DAVRIDA YOD TANQISLIGI: XOTIRA SHAKLLANISHIGA NEYROENDOKRIN TASIRLAR VA KOGNITIV KORREKSIYA
Ushbu maqolada o'smirlik vaqtidagi endemik yod tanqisligining markaziy nerv tizimi ontogeneziga tizimli ta'siri, xotira engrammalari natijalarining neyroendokrin regulyatsiyasi tadqiq qiladi. Tadqiqotning fundamental asosi qalqonsimon bez gormonlarining gippokampal neurogenez, sinaptik plastiklik va neyronlararo impulslarning o'tkazilish jarayonini ta'minlovchi miyelinizatsiya jarayonlaridagi ishtirokini tahlil qilish. Maqolada sub'ektiv gipotireozning kognitiv tormozlanishni tiklash patofiziologik mexanizmlari yoritilgan bo'lib, o'smirlarning intellektual mehnatini optimallashtirishda neyroendokrin korreksiya va kognitiv reabilitatsiyaning ilmiy iqtisodiy strategiyalari Bayon qilingan.
yod tanqisligi, o'smirlik davri, xotira tizimi, neyroendokrin regulyatsiya, kognitiv korreksiya, gippokamp, tireoid gormonlar, subklinik gipotireoz neyroplastiklik, miyelinizatsiya, intellektual boshqaruv, neyroendokrinologiya.
MITOXONDRIALIY-REDOKS-IMMUN O'QI: SKELET MUSKULASI VA QON TOMORI DISFUNKSIYASINI BAG'LAYDIGAN INTEGRATIV MOLEKULYAR MEXANIZM
So'nggi o'n yillikdagi tadqiqotlar mitoxondriyalarning energiya ishlab chiqarishdan tashqari, hujayra signalizatsiyasi va taqdirini belgilashda muhim rol o'ynashini ochib berdi. Ushbu maqola skelet mushaklari va qon tomir disfunktsiyasi o'rtasidagi patofiziologik bog'liqlikni tushuntiruvchi integrativ molekulyar mexanizm sifatida "mitoxondrial–redoks–immun aksi" kontseptsiyasini ilgari suradi. Mitoxondriyal elektron transport zanjiridagi nosozliklar nafaqat energiya tanqisligiga, balki reaktiv kislorod turlarining (ROS) nazoratsiz ishlab chiqarilishiga ham olib keladi. Ushbu redoks muvozanatining buzilishi yallig'lanish hujayralari, xususan makrofaglar va T-limfotsitlarning funksional polarizatsiyasini o'zgartirib, surunkali past darajadagi yallig'lanishni keltirib chiqaradi. Periferik arteriya kasalligi (PAD), surunkali buyrak kasalligi (CKD) va yurak yetishmovchiligi (HF) kabi patologiyalarda mitoxondrial disfunksiya, oksidlovchi stress va immun hujayralar faollashuvining o'zaro ta'siri natijasida skelet mushaklarining atrofiyasi, qisqarish qobiliyatining pasayishi va endotelial disfunksiya rivojlanadi. Yangi multiomik tadqiqotlar, xususan, uremik toksinlarning (kynurenin, indoksil sulfat) mitoxondrial genlar ekspressiyasini bostirishi va mushak kuchsizligiga olib kelishi aniqlandi. Shu bilan birga, immun hujayralaridagi mitoxondrial dinamika (masalan, Drp1 oqsili sulfenillanishi) va redoks-sezgir signal yo'llari (cGMP-PKG, NAMPT-NAD+) ishemik sharoitda qon tomir regeneratsiyasi va mushaklarning tiklanishida hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega. Mazkur aksning molekulyar tarkibiy qismlarini aniqlash, skelet mushaklari va qon tomir tizimining o'zaro bog'liq kasalliklarini davolash uchun mitoxondriyal transplantatsiya, antioksidant strategiyalar va immunomodulyatsiyani o'z ichiga olgan yangi terapevtik yondashuvlarning rivojlanishiga zamin yaratadi.
Mitoxondrial disfunksiya; Oksidlovchi stress; Immun hujayra polarizatsiyasi; Skelet mushak miopatiyasi; Endotelial disfunksiya; Periferik arteriya kasalligi; Redoks signalizatsiyasi; Mitofagiya; Uremik toksinlar; Yallig'lanish.