International Bulletin of Medical Sciences and Clinical Research
International Bulletin of Medical Sciences and Clinical Research (ISSN-2750-3399) is an open access international peer reviewed german journal. IBMSCR publishes research monthly frequency basis. we explore your research worldwide by international Database indexings. we provide all articles crossref metadata link, google scholar, microsoft academic, Metadata Indexing and much more worldwide international indexings. Administer With Case Save Time With Automation 5000 Online Courses
ADAPTIVE CONTROL MODELS FOR HUMAN-ROBOT COLLABORATIVE SYSTEMS IN LEAN WAREHOUSING: A CYBER-PHYSICAL APPROACH TO INDUSTRY 5
The transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 necessitates a shift from purely autonomous automation to human-centric collaborative systems. While previous frameworks such as Dy- namic Value Stream Mapping (DVSM) successfully utilized IIoT data to quantify process waste, current collaborative environments suffer from "safety-induced latency"—where robots operate at suboptimal fixed speeds or stop entirely in the presence of humans. This paper proposes a novel Adaptive Control Model (ACM) that leverages a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) to synchronize robot trajectories with real-time human biometric and positional data. By modeling the warehouse floor as a dynamic Markov Decision Process, we implement a Deep Reinforcement Learning agent that adjusts robot velocity and proximity buffers based on predicted human intent and fatigue levels. Empirical validation through a high-frequency kitting simulation demonstrates that this adaptive approach reduces non-value-added (NVA) "hesitation time" by 22.0 % while maintaining ISO-compliant safety standards. This research provides a prescriptive roadmap for Lean Warehousing, transforming the value stream into a self-adjusting, ergonomic, and highly efficient collaborative ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES IN THE MODERN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM: REGGIO EMILIA APPROACH
This article analyzes the best international practices used in the modern preschool education system, specifically the theoretical foundations and practical implications of the Reggio Emilia approach. The article highlights the role of this approach in the development of a child's personality, its impact on the development of creativity, independent thinking, and communication skills. It also highlights the key principles of the Reggio Emilia method—viewing the child as the central subject, the role of the environment in education, and collaboration between parents and educators. The possibilities of integrating this approach into the national preschool education system are also discussed.
preschool education, Reggio Emilia approach, international experience, child development, creativity, educational environment, pedagogical collaboration, innovative methods, student-centered education, education system.
ANIQ INTEGRALNING IQTISOD, BIOLOGIYADAGI TATBIQLARI
Ushbu maqola aniq integralning iqtisodiyot va biologiya sohalaridagi keng qamrovli tatbiqlarini o'rganadi. Iqtisodiyotda aniq integral iste'molchi va ishlab chiqaruvchi profitsiti, umumiy xarajatlar va daromadlar, shuningdek, kapital shakllanishi kabi muhim iqtisodiy ko'rsatkichlarni tahlil qilishda qo'llaniladi. Biologiyada esa populyatsiya o'sishi modellari, dori vositalarining organizmdagi konsentratsiyasi va qon oqimi tezligini hisoblashda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Maqola ushbu fanlararo yondashuv orqali matematik vositalarning real dunyo muammolarini hal qilishdagi ahamiyatini ko'rsatadi.
Aniq Integral, Tatbiqlar, Iqtisodiyot, Biologiya, Iste'molchi Profitsiti, Populyatsiya O'sishi, Matematik Modellashtirish, Fanlararo Tadqiqotlar
PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGICAL SYNERGY IN THE STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF KHOREZM JEWELRY COMPLEXES
This article analyzes the centuries-old history of the development of Khorezmian jewelry art, the evolution of its artistic style, and the structural features of its jewelry items. The harmony of vegetable and biological forms used in jewelry complexes (shokila, peshkhalta), as well as their aesthetic and socio-cultural significance, are revealed from a scientific perspective.
jewelry, Khorezm, shokila, peshkhalta, synergy, ornament, aesthetic function, harmony of materials.
MODERN ANALYTICAL APPROACHES FOR STANDARDIZATION OF “VIGITRIL” SUSPENSION BASED ON BISMUTH AND HISTIDINE
This article presents a comprehensive pharmaceutical and analytical investigation of “Vigitril” suspension developed on the basis of bismuth, histidine, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The study focuses on modern methods of standardization, physicochemical characterization, quality assessment, and stability evaluation of the suspension dosage form. Modern spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods were applied for qualitative and quantitative determination of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Particular attention was devoted to validation parameters including specificity, precision, repeatability, and linearity of analytical procedures. The obtained results demonstrated that the developed suspension possesses satisfactory physicochemical stability, low toxicity, and promising therapeutic effectiveness. The study confirms the pharmaceutical potential of “Vigitril” suspension as a перспективный gastroprotective preparation suitable for further industrial development and clinical application.
bismuth, histidine, suspension, standardization, spectrophotometry, chromatography, pharmaceutical analysis, Helicobacter pylori, gastroprotective preparations
OPTIMIZATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR COMBINED ANTIDIABETIC PREPARATIONS IN UZBEKISTAN
The rapid increase in diabetes mellitus cases in Uzbekistan has created a need for innovative pharmaceutical solutions capable of improving therapeutic effectiveness and reducing treatment-related complications. Combined antidiabetic preparations containing herbal components and synthetic active substances have become an important direction in pharmaceutical research due to their multifunctional pharmacological activity. The present article analyzes pharmaceutical technological approaches aimed at optimizing the production of combined antidiabetic medicines in Uzbekistan. The study focuses on innovative extraction methods, granulation technologies, bioavailability enhancement, and stabilization of active compounds in combined dosage forms. Particular attention is devoted to local medicinal plants with hypoglycemic potential and their incorporation into modern pharmaceutical formulations. The findings demonstrate that technological optimization significantly improves product stability, dissolution properties, and pharmacological efficiency.
combined antidiabetic preparations, pharmaceutical optimization, medicinal plants, granulation technology, bioavailability, Uzbekistan, diabetes mellitus
STUDY OF THE PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPING ANTIDIABETIC PHYTOPREPARATIONS BASED ON LOCAL MEDICINAL PLANTS OF UZBEKISTAN
Diabetes mellitus remains one of the most significant medical and social problems worldwide. The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Uzbekistan creates the need for the development of effective, affordable, and safe antidiabetic medicines. In recent years, particular attention has been paid to herbal medicines due to their relatively low toxicity, availability, and complex pharmacological activity. Uzbekistan possesses rich reserves of medicinal plants with potential hypoglycemic properties, including licorice, milk thistle, rosehip, barberry, and chicory. This article investigates the prospects for developing antidiabetic phytopreparations based on local medicinal plants and evaluates their technological potential in pharmaceutical production. The study analyzes scientific literature, pharmacognostic characteristics, extraction technologies, and pharmaceutical forms suitable for antidiabetic herbal preparations. The results indicate that the use of local plant raw materials can contribute to the development of import-substituting medicines and improve pharmaceutical independence in Uzbekistan. Particular attention is paid to the technological processes involved in obtaining dry extracts and producing solid dosage forms.
diabetes mellitus, phytopreparations, medicinal plants, pharmaceutical technology, Uzbekistan, dry extracts, antidiabetic activity, herbal medicines
Desquamative glossitis is a chronic, recurrent and benign inflammatory disorder of the tongue, most often referred to as geographic tongue or benign migratory glossitis. The term “geographic” reflects the visual appearance of the lesions: smooth red areas with irregular white or yellowish borders resemble a map. These lesions may disappear in one area and reappear in another, which explains the word “migratory” in the alternative clinical name. StatPearls describes geographic tongue as a benign chronic relapsing inflammatory condition of unknown etiology, usually presenting as erythematous migratory circinate patches that create a map-like pattern [1].
IMPACT OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY ON CHRONIC DISEASES A COMPREHENSIVE NARRATIVE REVIEW OF BIDIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS, MECHANISMS, AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
The coexistence of depression and anxiety with chronic physical diseases represents one of the most significant challenges in contemporary healthcare. This narrative review examines the multifaceted impact of depression and anxiety on chronic diseases, exploring the bidirectional relationships that exist between mental health disorders and conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and chronic pain. Drawing upon recent epidemiological evidence, meta-analyses, and mechanistic studies, this article synthesizes current knowledge on prevalence rates, underlying biological pathways including inflammation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, and the clinical implications for integrated care approaches. The findings underscore the urgent need for routine mental health screening in chronic disease management and the implementation of collaborative care models to improve patient outcomes.
depression, anxiety, chronic disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, chronic pain, comorbidity, collaborative care, inflammation, HPA axis, mental health integration
COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: METHODS, CHALLENGES AND OUTCOMES
This article examines the effectiveness of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) as a methodology for English language instruction at the higher education level. The study analyzes theoretical foundations of CLT, its practical implementation in university classrooms, the challenges faced by both instructors and learners, and measurable outcomes in terms of communicative competence development. Drawing on recent research and classroom practice, the article argues that CLT, when adapted to local educational contexts, significantly enhances students' speaking, listening, and interactive skills compared to traditional grammar-translation approaches. Recommendations are offered for integrating CLT principles into university-level English curricula in non-English-speaking countries.
communicative language teaching, CLT, English as a Foreign Language, EFL, higher education, communicative competence, interactive methods, language acquisition.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE TECHNIQUES IN CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Coronary artеry bypass grafting (CABG) rеmains thе gold standard for thе surgical managеmеnt of advancеd coronary artеry disеasе. In rеcеnt yеars, minimally invasivе tеchniquеs havе еmеrgеd as viablе altеrnativеs to convеntional mеdian stеrnotomy, aiming to rеducе surgical trauma, accеlеratе rеcovеry, and improvе patiеnt outcomеs. This study providеs a comparativе analysis of traditional CABG and minimally invasivе approachеs, including minimally invasivе dirеct coronary artеry bypass (MIDCAB) and totally еndoscopic coronary artеry bypass (TЕCAB). Kеy paramеtеrs еvaluatеd includе pеriopеrativе morbidity and mortality, opеrativе timе, lеngth of hospital stay, postopеrativе pain, and long-tеrm graft patеncy.
coronary artеry bypass grafting, minimally invasivе surgеry, MIDCAB, TЕCAB, coronary artеry disеasе, surgical outcomеs, graft patеncy, cardiac surgеry.
IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF SOFT TISSUE INJURIES OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION IN CHILDREN
This article analyzes the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment methods of soft tissue injuries in the maxillofacial region in children. Due to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the child’s body, the course of injuries and healing processes were studied. The paper also highlights ways to improve the effectiveness of treatment by applying modern therapeutic approaches, preventing complications, and achieving better aesthetic and functional outcomes. The results of the study show that a comprehensive approach ensures faster and more effective healing of soft tissue injuries in the maxillofacial region in children.
pediatric dentistry, maxillofacial region, soft tissue injuries, surgical treatment, regeneration, inflammation, trauma, treatment effectiveness, complications, comprehensive approach.
TALABALAR AKADEMIK MUVAFFAQIYATIDA JISMONIY FAOLLIK VA OVQATLANISHNING KOMPLEKS TA’SIRI: TIZIMLI TAHLIL
Ushbu maqolada talabalar akademik muvaffaqiyatiga jismoniy faollik va ovqatlanish omillarining kompleks ta’siri tizimli tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, muntazam jismoniy mashqlar miya faoliyatini yaxshilab, diqqat, xotira va kognitiv funksiyalarni rivojlantiradi. Shu bilan birga, muvozanatli ovqatlanish organizmning energiya ta’minoti, metabolik jarayonlar va umumiy sog‘liq ko‘rsatkichlariga ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Olingan natijalar jismoniy faollik va ovqatlanish o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro bog‘liqlik akademik natijalarni yaxshilashda muhim omil ekanligini tasdiqlaydi.
Jismoniy faollik, ovqatlanish, akademik muvaffaqiyat, talabalar, sog‘lom turmush tarzi, metabolik sindrom.
GAUGING THE CLINICAL COURSE OF DRUG-RESISTANT EPILEPSY: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PROGRESSION FROM SEIZURES TO STATUS EPILEPTICUS
Epilepsy is the common neurological condition which effects the people of all age. There are around 50 million people suffering with epilepsy in this world.
Drug Resistant Epilepsy, Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic, cystic cerebral arachnoiditis, congenital and structural etiologies.
HUMAN CHIMERISM AND MICROCHIMERISM : FROM PREGNANCY BIOLOGY TO FORENSIC AND CLINICAL CHALLENGES
The phenomenon of chimerism, wherein an individual harbors cells from two or more distinct genetic lineages, represents one of the most intriguing frontiers in modern biomedical science. Microchimerism, a specialized form involving small populations of foreign cells, arises primarily through pregnancy-related bidirectional cellular trafficking between mother and fetus. This comprehensive review examines the biological foundations of human chimerism, tracing its discovery from Schmorl's pioneering observations in 1893 through contemporary genomic-era investigations. We explore the diverse clinical implications of microchimerism, including its potential roles in autoimmune disease pathogenesis, cancer immunosurveillance, and maternal tissue regeneration. Additionally, we address the significant challenges that chimerism poses to forensic DNA identification, where mixed genetic lineages can complicate paternity testing and criminal investigations. Emerging detection technologies, from digital droplet PCR to next-generation sequencing, are discussed in the context of advancing both clinical monitoring and forensic accuracy. Understanding chimerism has profound implications for clinical medicine, forensic science, and our fundamental conception of genetic identity.
AUTIZM SPEKTR BUZILISHIDA ICHAK MIKROBIOTASINING ROLI: NEYROBIOLOGIK VA METABOLIK MEXANIZMLAR
Autizm spektr buzilishi (ASD) murakkab nevro-rivojlanish kasalligi bo‘lib, uning etiologiyasi genetik, epigenetik va atrof-muhit omillariga bog‘liq. So‘nggi yillarda ichak mikrobiotasi va markaziy asab tizimi o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro bog‘liqlik — ichak–miya o‘qi alohida e’tibor qozonmoqda. Ushbu maqolada mikrobiota tarkibidagi o‘zgarishlar, ularning metabolik mahsulotlari, immun tizimi orqali ta’siri hamda autizm patogenezidagi o‘rni keng yoritilgan. Shuningdek, mikrobiotaga yo‘naltirilgan innovatsion davolash usullari tahlil qilinadi.
autizm, mikrobiota, ichak–miya o‘qi, disbioz, SCFA, neyroinflammatsiya, psixobiotiklar, FMT.
THE ROLE OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM IN HUMAN LIFE
This article scientifically analyzes the anatomical structure of the human digestive system, its components, and the mechanisms of physiological activity. It also covers the stages of the digestive process and their functional interrelationships.
stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver, vitamins.
QALAMPIRMUNCHOQ SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM LO‘SIMLIGIDA SUVDA ERUVCHAN VITAMINLARNI ANIQLASHNING ZAMONAVIY USULLARI: ADABIYOTLAR TAHLILI
Ushbu maqolada Syzygium aromaticum L. (qalampirmunchoq) o‘simligi tarkibidagi suvda eruvchan vitaminlarni aniqlashning zamonaviy analitik usullari adabiyotlar asosida tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqot davomida С vitamini va B guruhi vitaminlarining inson organizmidagi biologik ahamiyati, ularning antioksidant xususiyatlari hamda metabolik jarayonlardagi roli yoritildi. Shuningdek, tahlil natijalari ushbu yo‘nalishda tadqiqotlar yetarli emasligini, ayniqsa ekstraksiya sharoitlari va tahlil parametrlarining optimallashtirilishi dolzarb masala ekanligini ko‘rsatdi. Olingan natijalar Syzygium aromaticum L. o‘simligini suvda eruvchan vitaminlarning istiqbolli tabiiy manbai sifatida baholash va uni farmatsevtika hamda nutrasevtika sohalarida qo‘llash imkoniyatlarini ilmiy asoslashga xizmat qiladi.
Syzygium aromaticum, qalampirmunchoq, suvda eruvchan vitaminlar, HPLC, YuSSX, antioksidant, fenol birikmalar, flavonoidlar, nutrasevtika, farmatsevtika.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN ACUTE PNEUMONIA IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS OF EARLY AGE
Acute pneumonia remains one of the leading infectious diseases in early childhood and is associated with a high risk of severe clinical manifestations due to the anatomical and physiological immaturity of the respiratory system and immune response. The presence of comorbid conditions such as anemia, rickets, perinatal central nervous system injury, hypotrophy, and exudative–catarrhal diathesis can aggravate the course of the disease and contribute to the development of complications.
acute pneumonia, young children, respiratory failure, cardiorespiratory syndrome, neurotoxicosis, comorbid conditions, anemia, rickets, pediatric pulmonology.
STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN UZBEKISTAN AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES
This article analyzes the history of studying medicinal plants in foreign and national sources. It was discussed that medicinal plants are a source of study in various fields. Analytical conclusions were provided regarding the number of families and species on Earth and in our country.
plant, medicine, ethnobotany, species, family.
Exfoliative cheilitis is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disorder of the vermilion characterized by persistent desquamation, keratinous scale formation, crusting, and periodic re-epithelialization. Although the disorder has been recognized for decades, its nosological boundaries remain unstable because clinically similar presentations may arise from factitial injury, allergic or irritant reactions, infection, chronic lip-licking, or other inflammatory cheilitides. The exfoliative form therefore occupies a difficult position in oral medicine and dermatology: it is visually distinctive, yet diagnostically nonspecific. This article analyzes the condition from a contemporary clinical and academic perspective, with attention to etiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology, differential diagnosis, histopathology, management, and prognosis. The review argues that exfoliative cheilitis should be approached primarily as a diagnosis of exclusion, requiring careful correlation of history, examination, psychosocial assessment, and selected laboratory or histological investigations.
exfoliative cheilitis, chronic cheilitis, vermilion, factitial cheilitis, lip desquamation, calcineurin inhibitors.
CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE HOMEOSTASIS DISTURBANCES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS
Disturbances of calcium-phosphate metabolism represent a clinically significant and frequently underrecognized complication of chronic gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in children; however, the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying these disturbances across different nosological entities remain incompletely characterized. The present prospective comparative study examined clinical manifestations and laboratory markers of calcium-phosphate homeostasis in 72 children with chronic GI diseases admitted to the National Children's Medical Center (NCMC, Tashkent, Uzbekistan). Patients were stratified into three groups according to their primary diagnosis: chronic gastroduodenitis (CGD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and malabsorption syndrome (MAS). The severity of calcium-phosphate homeostasis disturbances was found to increase progressively in the sequence CGD → IBD → MAS and was determined both by the degree of mucosal inflammatory involvement and by the depth of nutrient absorption impairment. Vitamin D deficiency was documented in 17.9%, 54.2%, and 80.0% of patients in the CGD, IBD, and MAS groups, respectively. Secondary hyperparathyroidism was identified in 7.1%, 41.7%, and 65.0% of patients, while reduced bone mineral density (BMD) was detected in 10.7%, 37.5%, and 70.0% of cases. The strongest predictors of BMD reduction were serum 25(OH)D (r = 0.72), parathyroid hormone (r = −0.68), and ionized calcium (r = 0.64). The identified clinicopathogenetic patterns provide a scientific basis for developing differentiated approaches to the diagnosis and correction of mineral metabolism disturbances in this patient population.
calcium-phosphate metabolism, chronic gastrointestinal diseases, children, malabsorption, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic gastroduodenitis, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, osteopenia, pediatric gastroenterology, bone mineral density.
ALIMENTARY OBESITY IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN: GLOBAL PREVALENCE, ETIOLOGY, CONSEQUENCES, AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES
Childhood obesity, particularly alimentary obesity, has become a major global public health challenge. This study aims to analyze the prevalence, causes, consequences, and preventive strategies of obesity among school-aged children. A comprehensive literature review of global data from WHO, UNICEF, and peer-reviewed sources was conducted. Findings indicate that approximately 1 in 10 school-aged children worldwide is affected by obesity, with prevalence increasing rapidly over recent decades. The primary causes include excessive caloric intake, sedentary lifestyle, and environmental influences. Consequences range from metabolic disorders to psychosocial problems. Effective prevention requires multi-level interventions involving families, schools, and policy frameworks. Early prevention is crucial to reduce long-term health risks.
childhood obesity, alimentary obesity, school-aged children, prevalence, prevention, global health
UNHEALTHY DIET AND ASSOCIATED DISEASES AND THEIR PREVENTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Unhealthy dietary patterns represent one of the leading modifiable risk factors contributing to global morbidity and mortality. Diets high in saturated fats, trans fats, added sugars, and sodium, combined with insufficient intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, are strongly associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aims to systematically analyze the relationship between unhealthy dietary habits and major chronic diseases, and to propose evidence-based preventive strategies. A systematic review methodology was employed using peer-reviewed databases. The findings indicate a strong correlation between poor nutrition and obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal disorders, and certain cancers. Preventive strategies such as dietary modification, public health interventions, and education programs are critical in reducing disease burden.
SOME ASPECTS OF TREATMENT TACTICS FOR FRACTURES OF LONG BONES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
The work analyzed the treatment of 98 patients with polytrauma severity ≥16 points according to R-AIS-NISS, which included open III (A, B, C) type according to GustiloAndersen and closed multiple fractures of the long bones of the lower extremities, which were divided into 3 groups depending on the applied algorithm for providing medical care. The mortality rate and the number of infectious complications were studied when using 3 medical care algorithms for injury severity ≥16 points according to R-AIS-NISS. The result of the analysis was the development of an algorithm for providing medical care, the implementation of which made it possible to reduce the mortality rate and the number of infectious complications in patients with polytrauma, part of which were open type III (A, B, C) and closed multiple fractures of the long bones of the lower extremities.
polytrauma, multiple fractures of the long bones of the lower extremities, combined trauma, dynamic damage control.
ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИЯ ПАПИЛЛЯРНОГО РАКА ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ
Папиллярный рак щитовидной железы является наиболее распространённой формой злокачественных новообразований данного органа и характеризуется выраженными патоморфологическими особенностями, имеющими решающее значение для диагностики, прогноза и выбора тактики лечения. В статье обобщены современные представления о патоморфологии папиллярного рака щитовидной железы с акцентом на макроскопические и микроскопические признаки опухоли, клеточно-ядерные изменения и особенности стромального компонента. Показано, что ведущими диагностическими критериями папиллярного рака являются характерные ядерные изменения опухолевых клеток, включая ядерное просветление, ядерные борозды и псаммомные тельца, формирующие морфологическую основу заболевания. Отражена роль вариабельности гистологических подтипов папиллярного рака, таких как классический, фолликулярный, склерозирующий и онкоцитарный варианты, в формировании клинико-морфологических различий течения опухолевого процесса. Особое внимание уделено взаимосвязи патоморфологических характеристик с биологическим поведением опухоли, риском метастазирования и рецидивирования. Отмечено, что детальное морфологическое исследование операционного и биопсийного материала является ключевым этапом в постановке точного диагноза и прогнозировании исхода заболевания. Представленные данные подчёркивают значимость патоморфологического анализа как фундаментального инструмента в современной онкологической и эндокринологической практике.
папиллярный рак щитовидной железы, патоморфология, гистологическая структура, ядерные изменения, псаммомные тельца, злокачественные опухоли, онкопатология.
NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASES AS A LEADING CAUSE TO LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most prevalent chronic liver disorder globally, closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. This review aims to analyze NAFLD as a leading cause of liver cirrhosis by summarizing current evidence on its epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical significance. Epidemiological studies indicate that approximately 24–30% of adults worldwide are affected by NAFLD, with prevalence rising even among adolescents and young adults. Key mechanisms driving disease progression include hepatic fat accumulation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. NAFLD can progress from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Early recognition, lifestyle modification, and targeted interventions are essential to reduce the clinical burden and prevent long-term hepatic complications.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD, NASH, liver cirrhosis, metabolic syndrome, epidemiology, pathogenesis
BASING AND FORECASTING THE PRIORITIES FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIVE MEDICAL SERVICES IN THE REGION
In this article, the results of the forecast for the development of the medical services market in the region for the period of 2022-2026 are presented. According to it, factors such as the number of private clinics and the number of employees of medical institutions in the development of the medical services market were made using the regression analysis method.
Model, quality medical service,private clinics,the number of medical personnel,private sector, health services,correlational analysis,real income, service price,population income, MARE indicator, Durbin-Watson index, Regression analysis.
STUDYING THE EFFECT OF THE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUPPLEMENT “ADAPTOFIT” ON PHYSICAL ENDURANCE
Nowadays, no one is immune to stress and fatigue. These factors have a negative impact on human health. In such cases, adaptogens are used. Adaptogens are drugs that adapt the body to various adverse conditions, increase physical and mental endurance, reduce fatigue, and normalize sleep. In recent decades, medicinal plants such as eleutherococcus, rhodiola rosea, astragalus, ginseng, and ginger have been widely used in practical medicine. [1, 2] Preparations made from these plants are widely used to increase physical and mental performance in athletes and people engaged in mental labor, as well as in the complex treatment and medical rehabilitation of weakened patients. [3] Adaptogens regulate the production and consumption of energy in the cells of muscles, liver, kidneys, brain, and other organs. They have an antioxidant effect and reduce the damage caused by free radicals. They also prevent hypoxia, which almost always accompanies intensive physical work, and with the participation of these mechanisms, microcirculation in the vessels of the brain and working muscles improves by improving the rheological properties of the blood.
physical endurance, adaptogen, white mice, tincture, Adaptofit
CHANGES IN LIVER STRUCTURE IN OFFSPRING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PRENATAL STRESS
Prenatal stress is a psycho-emotional and physiological strain occurring in the maternal organism during pregnancy, significantly affects the development of embryonic organs. This article analyzes morphological and functional changes in the liver tissue of offspring under the influence of prenatal stress. Scientific studies have revealed dystrophic changes in hepatocytes, compaction of sinusoids, impaired microcirculation, and increased markers of oxidative stress. These alterations may lead to disrupted liver development and metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, elevated levels of glucocorticoids in the maternal organism are shown to program fetal liver development, which may later result in fibrosis, steatosis, and various liver dysfunctions.
Cells, prenatal stress, offspring, liver, hepatocytes, morphology, microcirculation, dystrophic changes, oxidative stress, apoptosis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system, embryo.