International Bulletin of Applied Science and Technology
International Bulletin of Applied Sciences and Technology - (ISSN-2750-3402) is an open access international peer reviewed german journal. IBAST publishes research monthly frequency basis. we explore your research worldwide by international Database indexings. we provide all articles crossref metadata link, google scholar, microsoft academic, Metadata Indexing and much more worldwide international indexings.
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INTEGRATION OF CYCLING INTO THE CITY PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM (CPTS)
This article describes in detail the measures for integrating cycling into the urban public transport system (UPTS), the technological study of UPT, the study of modern equipment and technologies that can increase its logistical capacity, and the creation of special lanes for this means of transport.
bicycle transport, logistics, integration, technology, tizim, technology, iktisodiyot, infratusilma, haraqat.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FEATURES OF PERFORMING NON-TENSION HERNIALLOPLASTY FOR LARGE AND GIANT VENTRAL HERNIAS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT A DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH
The article presents the materials of a clinical and surgical study of 137 patients with large and giant ventral hernias, operated on in 2018–2025. A comparison was made between standard tactics (2018–2021, n=58) and a differentiated approach (2022–2025, n=79), which included tension-free reconstruction options with Ramirez mobilization and, in cases of a high risk of tension/growth of the IAP and a defect >15 cm, a modified technique with aponeurosis mobilization and formation of a barrier aponeurotic layer. In the main group, the incidence of early postoperative complications was significantly reduced (18.9% versus 8.9%; p=0.045) and the incidence of relapses in the late period was reduced (11.4% versus 1.8%), which confirms the clinical feasibility of the risk-stratified choice of tension-free hernioalloplasty in patients with large defects.
ventral hernia; large hernial defects; tension-free hernioalloplasty; Ramirez component separation; intra-abdominal pressure.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VERBS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
This paper presents a rigorous contrastive morphological analysis of verbs in the English and Uzbek languages. Representing two distinct linguistic families—Indo-European (Germanic branch) and Turkic—English and Uzbek exhibit fundamentally divergent structural approaches to verbal morphology. English, operating as an analytical-inflectional language, relies extensively on syntactic configurations, auxiliary markers, and restricted inflectional paradigms to express verbal categories. In sharp contrast, Uzbek is a highly agglutinative language characterized by a strict linear sequence of monosemantic, stable suffixes attached to the verbal root, resulting in a vast, complex synthetic paradigm. This study systematically analyzes the architectural boundaries of the verb in both languages, evaluating the expressions of tense, aspect, mood, voice, and person-number agreements. Utilizing structural, comparative-typological, and functional-semantic methods, we demonstrate how analytical functional equivalence in English maps onto the rich synthetic agglutinative systems of Uzbek. The findings carry critical implications for comparative linguistics, linguistic typology, and foreign language pedagogy within the context of higher education in Uzbekistan.
Comparative Morphology, Verbal Categories, Agglutination, Analytism, Suffixation, English Verbs, Uzbek Verbs, Contrastive Typology.
STRUCTURE AND PEDAGOGICAL COMPONENTS OF FORMING HISTORICAL THINKING OF FUTURE HISTORY TEACHERS
This article highlights the problem and relevance of developing historical thinking in future history teachers at higher pedagogical education institutions. It reveals the scientific and theoretical essence of the cognitive, axiological, and practical-activity components of historical thinking. The article also analyzes ways of integrating problem-based educational technologies, digital tools, the hermeneutic approach, and a cognitive collaborative environment into the teaching process in order to develop students’ analytical and critical thinking.
historical thinking, pedagogical components, cognitive competence, analytical approach, axiological component, hermeneutic analysis, problem-based learning, higher pedagogical education.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
This article analyzes the theoretical, legal, and practical problems of international cooperation in the field of criminal proceedings in the context of combating transnational crime under globalization. The author examines the correlation between the norms of the criminal procedure legislation and the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which possesses the supreme legal force, with the norms of international law. It is substantiated that the lack of a legal definition for the term "international cooperation in criminal proceedings" in both national and international instruments creates certain difficulties in theory and practice. The paper reveals the legal status of interdepartmental international agreements concluded by law enforcement agencies, emphasizes the importance of supervision by the central body of the General Prosecutor's Office, and puts forward scientific proposals for improving this field.
International cooperation, criminal justice, legal assistance, Criminal Procedure Code, supremacy of the Constitution, transnational crime, interdepartmental agreements, criminal prosecution, extradition, prosecutorial supervision, national interests.
AI-Driven Neural Architecture for Internet-Based Ledger Management with Fraud Identification and Exposure Prediction
The rapid evolution of distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) and internet-based financial ecosystems has significantly transformed the way transactional data is stored, validated, and analyzed. However, despite their inherent advantages in transparency and immutability, modern ledger systems remain vulnerable to sophisticated fraud patterns, adversarial manipulation, and hidden exposure risks. This research proposes an AI-driven neural architecture designed for internet-based ledger management with integrated fraud identification and exposure prediction capabilities. The study synthesizes principles from blockchain-based trust systems, distributed ledger frameworks, and deep learning-based intrusion detection mechanisms to construct a hybrid intelligent model capable of real-time transaction monitoring and predictive risk evaluation. Prior studies highlight the increasing role of neural networks in cybersecurity applications (Drewek-Ossowicka et al., 2021), temporal graph-based cyberattack detection (Duan et al., 2024), and optimized recurrent architectures for intrusion detection (Kumar et al., 2024). Building upon these foundations, the proposed architecture integrates temporal graph modeling, collaborative feature mapping, and dimensionality reduction techniques to enhance detection accuracy and computational efficiency. The system further aligns ledger governance with AI-enhanced fraud analytics inspired by distributed trust mechanisms and consensus-based ledger models (Bellini et al., 2020; Chowdhury, 2019). Additionally, the architecture incorporates predictive exposure analysis mechanisms that estimate financial risk propagation across interconnected ledger nodes, drawing conceptual parallels with real-time fraud prediction frameworks in cloud accounting systems (Kodela et al., 2026). Experimental synthesis and comparative evaluation indicate that neural ledger architectures significantly improve anomaly detection rates while reducing false positives in dynamic transactional environments. The proposed model demonstrates scalability across distributed systems and adaptability to heterogeneous ledger infrastructures, including public and private blockchain networks. The study contributes a unified framework that bridges AI-driven cybersecurity, distributed ledger management, and predictive financial analytics. It provides a structured pathway for deploying intelligent ledger systems capable of proactive fraud mitigation and exposure forecasting in complex digital economies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Usman Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A STUDY OF SYMBOLISM AND ALLEGORIES IN W. GOLDING’S LORD OF THE FLIES THROUGH THE PRISM OF PARALLEL CORPUS ANALYSIS
This article explores the symbolism and allegorical dimensions in William Golding's Lord of the Flies through the methodological framework of parallel corpus analysis. The study investigates how symbolic images, allegorical representations, and culturally significant lexical units are rendered across the original English text and its translated versions. By employing corpus linguistic techniques, the research identifies translation patterns, semantic shifts, and stylistic transformations that influence the interpretation of key symbols such as the conch, the beast, the signal fire, Piggy's glasses, and the island.
symbolism, allegory, parallel corpus, corpus linguistics, literary analysis, translation studies, stylistics, semantic analysis, lexical equivalence, literary discourse.
THE PHILOSOPHICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE GLOBALIZATION PROCESS AND ITS SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
A philosophical analysis of the globalization process reveals its complex, contradictory, and multifaceted nature. This process creates new realities in the spheres of human relations, culture, economics, and politics. Therefore, understanding and managing the social consequences of globalization is a crucial task for modern societies and states.
MANIPULATION METHODS FOR INFLUENCING THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF INDIVIDUALS AND COMMUNITIES
It is of strategic importance to develop effective measures to combat information manipulation, strengthen fact-checking systems in the mass media and on internet platforms, and increase the media and information literacy of citizens. International experience shows that transparency in the information space, the reliability of sources, and adherence to ethics ensure stability and mutual trust within society.
Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Psychology, Emotional, Twitter, Information,
THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC MODERNIZATION IN ENSURING SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH
This paper explores the importance, methods, and scientific and practical significance of economic modernization processes in terms of sustainable economic growth. The effect of technological modernization, development of human capital, digitalization, and institutional reforms on GDP growth is studied through statistical and correlation analysis. Global economic issues in the modern world, including problems of the energy system, misalignment of the labor market, and venture capital financing difficulties, are considered systematically. In conclusion, recommendations aimed at increasing economic stability and export diversification are formulated.
economic modernization, sustainable growth, Fourth Industrial Revolution, human capital, digitalization, institutional reforms, green economy, venture financing, export diversification, technological modernization
Ensemble Temporal Dynamics System: Probabilistic Neural Computation Architecture Market Valuation Estimation
The increasing complexity of financial systems and digital markets has created a demand for adaptive computational frameworks capable of modeling temporal uncertainty, nonlinear dependencies, and stochastic valuation behavior. This paper proposes an Ensemble Temporal Dynamics System (ETDS) that integrates probabilistic neural computation with multi-model forecasting mechanisms to estimate market valuation under dynamic and uncertain conditions. The proposed architecture builds upon hybrid time-series modeling principles where statistical and deep learning systems are jointly optimized to improve predictive stability and generalization performance. In particular, the framework is influenced by multi-model forecasting systems that combine heterogeneous predictors to reduce variance and improve robustness in non-stationary financial environments (Vollem et al., 2026). The ETDS extends this concept by introducing a probabilistic neural computation layer that models uncertainty propagation across temporal sequences. The system is structured around three core components: a temporal encoding module, a probabilistic ensemble aggregation layer, and a market valuation inference engine. The temporal encoding module extracts latent representations from sequential financial signals, while the ensemble layer dynamically adjusts model contributions based on probabilistic confidence scores. The valuation engine maps latent temporal dynamics into market valuation estimates under uncertainty constraints. Additionally, the framework incorporates insights from financial system coordination standards (Comisión Nacional de Energía de Chile, 2021; COES, 2022), which emphasize stability and equilibrium constraints in system-level economic modeling. Furthermore, state estimation techniques from power systems using SCADA and PMU measurements (Ortiz et al., 2016) inspire the probabilistic reconstruction of incomplete or noisy market signals. Empirical interpretation suggests that ETDS enhances predictive robustness, reduces variance in volatile conditions, and improves adaptability under regime shifts. The integration of probabilistic neural computation allows for uncertainty-aware valuation, making the framework suitable for high-risk financial forecasting environments. Overall, ETDS represents a unified approach to temporal financial intelligence by merging ensemble learning, probabilistic modeling, and adaptive neural computation into a single coherent architecture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Carlos Fernandez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO IMPROVING ENGLISH LISTENING COMPREHENSION KILLS AMONG ICT STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Listening comprehension is one of the most essential language skills for Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) students. As English has become the dominant language of programming, software documentation, online courses, webinars, and international communication, ICT students are expected to possess advanced listening competence to access authentic learning resources and participate effectively in the global digital environment. However, many university students encounter difficulties in understanding authentic spoken English due to limited exposure, lack of appropriate teaching strategies, and insufficient use of technology-enhanced learning tools. This study investigates innovative approaches to improving English listening comprehension skills among ICT students in higher education. The research highlights the effectiveness of podcasts, video conferencing platforms, flipped classroom methodology, and task-based learning activities in developing students’ listening competence. The findings indicate that integrating digital technologies with communicative teaching methods significantly increases students’ motivation, listening accuracy, vocabulary acquisition, and overall communicative competence.
listening comprehension, ICT students, higher education, English language teaching, digital technologies, blended learning, podcasts.
JUDICIAL PROFESSIONAL DEFORMATION: CAUSES, MANIFESTATIONS AND PREVENTION MECHANISMS
This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the concept of judicial professional deformation, its causes, psychological and legal aspects, as well as its impact on the judicial system and mechanisms for preventing this phenomenon. A judge’s activity is associated with a high level of responsibility, psychological pressure, and constant stress, which in some cases lead to negative changes in the judge’s professional performance. The study examines the main forms of professional deformation, its impact on the quality of justice, as well as preventive measures based on international experience.
judge, professional deformation, justice, judicial ethics, psychological pressure, professional activity, legal awareness, judicial system.
EXPLORING THE ROLE OF TASK REPETITION IN IMPROVING ORAL FLUENCY AND GRAMMATICAL ACCURACY OF EFL LEARNERS
This study investigated the effects of task repetition on the oral performance of 40 Chinese children learning English as a foreign language, focusing on syntactic complexity, accuracy, and fluency. Participants, aged 11–12, completed a picture-based storytelling task adapted from the Cambridge A2 Flyers test on three occasions. Performances were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using measures of syntactic complexity, errors, weighted clause ratio, and indices of repair and breakdown fluency. Non-parametric analyses, including Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests and Spearman correlations, were conducted due to non-normal distributions. Results indicated that repeated task engagement significantly enhanced accuracy and fluency, with reductions in errors, filled pauses, false starts, repetitions, and self-corrections. No significant changes were observed in syntactic complexity. Findings suggest that task repetition allows learners to allocate attentional resources more effectively, facilitating the integration of linguistic knowledge into real-time communication. The study underscores the pedagogical value of incorporating repeated communicative tasks to support oral proficiency development in second language learning contexts.
cognitive effort, task repetition, attentional focus, picture-based storytelling, statistical significance, error reduction
INTENSIFICATION AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSING EVALUATION IN CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH
Evaluation is a fundamental interpersonal function of language through which speakers express attitudes, negotiate social relationships, and construct meaning. Intensification plays a central role in this process by reinforcing evaluative meanings, conveying emotional involvement, and expressing speaker stance. While traditionally regarded as a grammatical marker of degree, recent linguistic research recognizes intensification as a multidimensional semantic, pragmatic, and cognitive phenomenon. This article examines intensification as a means of expressing evaluation in contemporary English by integrating semantic theory, Appraisal Theory, Cognitive Linguistics, and corpus-based approaches. The study adopts a qualitative research design supported by corpus evidence from contemporary English. The findings indicate that intensifiers extend beyond scalar modification and function as interpersonal resources that strengthen evaluation, express subjectivity, and enhance persuasive communication. The article argues that evaluative intensification should be understood as a cognitive-pragmatic mechanism through which speakers conceptualize experience and influence audience interpretation.
intensification, evaluation, appraisal theory, cognitive linguistics, discourse analysis.
TRADITIONS OF USING FOLK INSTRUMENTS IN THE CREATIVES OF UZBEK COMPOSITORS
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the traditions of using national folk musical instruments during the formation and development of the Uzbek professional compositional school. The central issue of the research is the process of harmonization between European music theory and genres (symphony, opera, ballet, cantata) and Uzbek folk instruments (dutor, tanbur, nay, gijjak, doira, Kashgar rubab). The article covers the historical stages of this process, from the first attempts at the beginning of the 20th century to the work of modern composers.
Uzbek compositional school, folk musical instruments, national color, symphonic orchestration, dutar, tanbur, flute, gijjak, doira, professional music, national opera, national ballet, synthesis, national musical language.
THE ROLE OF THE FLAY IN CENTRAL ASIAN MUSIC CULTURE
This article provides a comprehensive and profound analysis of the role of the flute, one of the oldest wind instruments that has existed in the musical culture of Central Asian peoples since ancient times. The main focus of the research is on the three-layered essence of the flute: first, its material-technological aspect, that is, the material of manufacture, structure and acoustic properties; second, its socio-functional aspect, that is, its place in the way of life of the people, in ceremonies, in the art of maqom; third, its spiritual-symbolic aspect, that is, its symbolic meaning in the philosophy of Sufism and classical Eastern literature.
flute, wind instrument, national instruments, maqom, philosophy of mysticism, ethnomusicology, traditional performance, breathing technique, musical heritage, national identity.
PSYCHOPEDAGOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MOBILE LEARNING AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE DIGITAL ADAPTATION PROCESS
This article analyzes the role of mobile learning in the modern education system from psychological and pedagogical perspectives. The impact of the educational process organized on the basis of mobile devices on students' cognitive activity, motivation, independent learning skills and personal development is studied. It also highlights the issues of psychological and pedagogical factors, innovative methods, and the formation of digital competencies arising in the activities of teachers and students during the process of digital adaptation. The research results serve to develop practical recommendations for the effective implementation of mobile learning technologies into the educational process and ensuring adaptation to the digital environment.
mobile education, digital education, psychopedagogical analysis, digital adaptation, educational technologies, digital competence, learning motivation, innovative education.
MODIFICATION OF ELECTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICON-BASED SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF LASER BEAMS
The article investigates the modification of electrophysical properties of silicon-based semiconductor structures under laser irradiation. It is shown that laser treatment significantly affects electrical conductivity, surface characteristics, and energy efficiency of semiconductor materials. The obtained results expand the possibilities of effective application of semiconductor elements in microelectronics, power engineering, and modern technical devices.
laser radiation, semiconductor, silicon, electrical conductivity, power engineering, electrophysical properties.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF FORMING SPIRITUAL IMMUNITY IN YOUNG PEOPLE
This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the psychological mechanisms involved in forming spiritual immunity in young people. Spiritual immunity is interpreted as an internal psychological defense system that protects the individual against negative ideas, destructive information, moral crises, and socio-psychological threats. The article highlights the role of the value system, critical thinking, emotional stability, social responsibility, national and religious-spiritual identity, family, and the educational environment in developing young people’s spiritual immunity. It also presents psychological and pedagogical recommendations for strengthening spiritual immunity among young people.
spiritual immunity, youth psychology, values, psychological defense, critical thinking, spiritual education, social influence, emotional stability.
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE INTRODUCTION OF ELECTRONIC LEARNING IN TEACHING SUBJECTS
The article is devoted to the goals and objectives of the introduction of electronic learning in teaching subjects. Electronic learning is defined as a set of forms, methods and means of the educational process based on information technologies. The article lists a number of problems in the introduction of electronic learning (the use of modern IT, the creation of electronic educational literature, the clarification of teacher activities) and the lack of readiness of pedagogical teams.
electronic education (E-learning), information technologies, informatization of education, educational process, individualization, material and technical base, self-control, electronic educational literature
BASIC RULES OF THE DEFENSE DOCTRINE OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
This article comprehensively analyzes the fundamental provisions, strategic directions and functional role of the Defense Doctrine of the Republic of Uzbekistan in ensuring state security. The article scientifically and conceptually substantiates the principles of multi-vector neutrality of the state, such as non-alignment with blocs, non-deployment of foreign military bases on its territory, and medium-term programs for the development of the military-economic, defense-industrial complex.
Defense Doctrine, Armed Forces, sole leadership, Supreme Commander-in-Chief, hybrid threats, cyberspace, cross-border crime, military-political blocs, neutrality, defense-industrial complex, unification.
ADVANTAGES OF DISTANCE LEARNING IN IMPROVING THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING SYSTEM
This article examines the rapidly entering the education system of distance learning and its advantages in improving the professional development system. Distance learning is defined as a pedagogical process carried out on the basis of information technologies and telecommunications, through virtual classrooms and resources.
professional development system, distance learning (training), information and communication technologies (ICT), virtual training center, professional competence, Internet, teacher retraining, electronic educational materials.
METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING FUTURE TEACHERS’ EDUCATIONAL COMPETENCE THROUGH PROJECT-BASED TECHNOLOGY
This article provides a scientific analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations, practical mechanisms, and effectiveness indicators of developing future teachers’ educational competence through project-based technology. In contemporary teacher education, the professional image of a teacher is no longer limited to mastery of subject knowledge; it also includes the ability to design educational situations, provide social and moral support for learners, work with a class community, organize constructive communication, and manage a value-oriented educational environment. From this perspective, project-based technology is interpreted as an effective didactic tool that develops independent thinking, initiative, reflective culture, creative decision-making, and the ability to connect educational work with real social contexts.
educational competence, future teacher, project-based technology, pedagogical methodology, competence-based approach, educational activity, pedagogical project, reflection, professional training, moral education.
Currently, mechanical systems used in technological machinery dissipate a significant portion of energy through friction and heat loss. This not only reduces the operational efficiency of the machine’s working components but also shortens its service life.
tribological systems, physico-mechanical properties, surface layer, energy losses, composite coatings, nano-additive lubrication, surface friction.
TRANSFORMING INDEPENDENT LEARNING IN COUNTRY STUDIES THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DIGITAL AXIOLOGY
This study is devoted to the scientific substantiation of an innovative model for organising independent learning in Area Studies within the framework of digital pedagogy. The research examines the role of integrating digital technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools into the educational process in enhancing students’ professional and pedagogical competencies. The findings obtained through empirical methods and virtual simulations confirm that the proposed Digital Axiological Model significantly improves learners’ intercultural competence, sociolinguistic adaptability, and linguistic accuracy. The results further demonstrate that the effective integration of digital tools with traditional teaching methods can elevate Area Studies from a predominantly theoretical discipline to the level of an applied analytical laboratory.
digital pedagogy, independent learning, Area Studies, Artificial Intelligence (AI), intercultural competence, sociolinguistic adaptation, digital axiology
FORMATION OF ALGORITHMIC THINKING IN PRIMARY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS THROUGH VISUAL PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENTS
This research focuses on the development of algorithmic skills in primary school students through the use of programming tools. The study investigates the effectiveness of interactive and visual programming techniques such as ScratchJr and physical activities in fostering algorithmic thinking. It highlights how these methods help students understand the sequence and logic of algorithms, promoting critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The findings demonstrate that game-based learning and real-life applications can significantly enhance young learners' cognitive development and interest in programming.
Algorithmic thinking, primary education, programming tools, ScratchJr, interactive learning, game-based learning, cognitive development, problem-solving.
LINGUOCULTURAL FEATURES OF SET EXPRESSIONS CONTAINING PERSONAL NAMES IN THE UZBEK LANGUAGE
Within the onomastic scope of the lexical system of every language, personal names occupy a distinctive place. Names themselves constitute a specific system – an anthroponymic institution comprising given names, patronymics, full names, surnames, nicknames, and pseudonyms. Each of these units possesses its own structural organization and stylistic functions in the language of a particular ethnos.
onomastic scope, personal names, given name, patronymic, personal appellation, surname, nickname, pseudonym, institution of personal naming, ethnolinguistic specificity of personal names, set expressions containing personal–name components, their stylistic functions.
THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING THE STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF BEARINGS
In mechanical engineering, shafts and bearings are considered the primary elements of power transmission mechanisms. Tribological processes such as friction, wear, and heat generation, which occur during their operation, directly affect the reliability and service life of the entire mechanism.
Gear wheels, operation, technical condition, wear, repair, capital, durability, resource, write-offs, statistical, assessments, probability, indicators, reliability, probability, analytical calculation.
WHY ECONOMIC EDUCATION MATTERS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE: BUILDING FINANCIAL LITERACY AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Economic education plays a significant role in preparing young people for responsible participation in modern society. As economies become increasingly digital and interconnected, financial literacy, entrepreneurial thinking, and economic awareness have become essential life skills. This article examines the importance of economic education in developing young people's decision-making abilities, improving financial well-being, and promoting sustainable economic growth. The paper also discusses current challenges, including limited financial literacy and unequal access to quality economic education. Finally, it proposes recommendations for strengthening economic education through practical learning, digital tools, and curriculum development. The findings suggest that investing in economic education contributes not only to individual success but also to the long-term prosperity and stability of society.
Economic education, financial literacy, youth development, sustainable economic development, entrepreneurship, digital economy, economic decision-making.